Grammar American & British

Saturday, September 11, 2021

Composition & Essay Writing ( 52 ) Science In Everyday Life , Smartphone

 52 - ) Composition & Essay Writing

71- ) Science in Everyday Life

                   Science is a big blessing to humanity. Furthermore, science, in spite of some of its negativities, makes lives better for people by removing ignorance, suffering and hardship. 

                 Science very efficiently plays the role of being a faithful servant of man. In every walk of life, science is there to serve us. We require the benefits of science whether in our home, in office, in a factory, or outside.

      Gone are the days when only wealthy people could afford luxuries. Science has made many luxurious items of the past cheaper in price and has brought them within the reach of everybody.

                      Computer technology is one huge benefit of science. Nowadays, it would be unimaginable to consider living without computing technology. A huge number of professions now rely totally on the computer and the internet. Besides, the computer and the internet have become our biggest source of entertainment in our everyday life.

            Automobiles, an important scientific invention, has made our lives easy by significantly reducing everyday commuting time. The air conditioner is another scientific invention that has made our lives bearable and comfortable in the face of extreme weather conditions. Also, in the field of medical science, high-quality medicines are available that quickly remove any ailment that can happen in everyday life like headache, sprain, cough, allergy, stomach ache, fatigue etc.

                  In spite of its tremendous benefits, there is a negative side to science. Science, unfortunately, has also done some disservice to humanity due to some of its inventions. One of the biggest harms that science has brought to humanity is in the field of armament. Although some hail the invention of gunpowder as a great achievement, humanity must rue the day when this invention happened.

           Steadily and relentlessly, the use and perfection of gunpowder have taken place in many new and more destructive weapons. As such, humanity now suffers due to weapons like shells, bombs, artillery, and guns. Such weapons threaten the everyday life of all individuals.

           Another disservice of science has been the emission of pollution. A huge amount of radioactive pollution is emitted in various parts of the world where nuclear energy production happens. Such pollution is very dangerous as it can cause cancer, radioactive sickness, and cardiovascular disease. Of course, who can ignore the massive amount of air pollution caused by automobiles, another scientific invention. Furthermore, automobiles are an everyday part of our lives that emit unimaginable levels of carbon monoxide in the air every year. Consequently, this causes various lung diseases and also contributes to global warming and acid rain.

                 There is no doubt that science has brought about one of the greatest benefits to mankind, in spite of some of its negativities. Furthermore, science certainly has made the most impact in adding comfort to our everyday lives. As such, we must always show utmost respect to scientists for their efforts.

72 - ) Smartphone

                       Smartphones have become a very important form of communication these days. It is impossible for a rational person to deny the advantages of smartphones as they are devices suitable for a wide variety of tasks. A smartphone is a mobile device that facilitates the combination of cellular and mobile computing functions into one single unit. Moreover, smartphones have stronger hardware capabilities and extensive mobile operating systems in comparison to feature phones.

           The strong operating systems of smartphones make possible multimedia functionality, wider software, and the internet including web browsing. They also support core phone functions like text messaging and voice calls.

                There are a number of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit (IC) chips within a smartphone. Moreover, such chips include various sensors whose leveraging is possible by their software.

The marketing of early smartphones was primarily towards the enterprise market. Furthermore, the attempt of the smartphone manufacturers was to bridge the functionality of standalone personal digital assistant (PDA) devices along with support for cellular telephony. However, the early smartphones had problems of slow analogue cellular network, short battery life, and bulky size.

            With the passage of time, experts were able to resolve these issues. Furthermore, this became possible with faster digital mobile data networks, miniaturization of MOS transistors down to sub-micron levels, and exponential scaling. Moreover, the development of more mature software platforms led to enhancement in the capability of smartphones.

            People can make use of smartphones to access the internet and find out information regarding almost anything. Furthermore, due to the portability of a smartphone, people can access the internet from any location, even while travelling.

                   Smartphones have greatly increased the rate of work. This is possible because smartphones facilitate a highly efficient and quick form of communication from anywhere. For example, a person can participate in an official business meeting, without wasting time, from the comfort of his home via a live video chat application of a smartphone.

                Smartphones can also be of tremendous benefit to students in general. Furthermore, students can quickly resolve any issue related to studies by accessing the internet, using a calculator, reading a pdf file, or contacting a teacher. Most noteworthy, all of this is possible due to the smartphone.

             People can get in touch with the larger global community by communicating and sharing their views via social media. Furthermore, this provides a suitable platform to express their views, conduct business with online transactions, or find new people or jobs. One can do all that from anywhere, thanks to the smartphone.These were just a few benefits of smartphones. Overall, the total benefits of a smartphone are just too many to enumerate here. Most importantly, smartphones have made our lives more efficient as well as comfortable.

            Smartphones have proven to be a revolution for human society. Furthermore, they have made the whole world united like never before. In spite of its demerits, there is no doubt that the smartphone is a tremendous blessing to mankind and it will continue to play a major role in its development.




Friday, September 10, 2021

Vocabulary Tests - Test Eight ( 8 )

Vocabulary Tests ( 8 )


 

Test Eight

1 - ] Decide which word in parentheses best completes the sentence . Then write the sentence ,  adding the missing word .

1 . Before attempting to climb that steep mountain cliff , we must condition our bodies and ------------- our fear . ( evince , vanquish )     

2 . The sight of all those A’s and B’s on my report card -------------- that my long hours in the library had finally paid off . ( evinced , vanquished )

3 . The brothers never liked each other very much , but lately their relationship had turned utterly ---------------- ( fractricidal , genocidal )

4 . The -------------- actions of the South American dictator provoked the neighboring countries to put their armies on alert . ( bellicose , invincible )

5 . The reporter  provided a --------------- summary of the city council meeting .

( bellicose , concise )

6 . After the prime minister dissolved parliament , packed the court with his appointees , and cancelled elections , the United States declared it could no longer recognize such a ------------ form of government .( bureaucratic , totalitarian )

7 . By giving the president the right to revise the bill , the senators had allowed their authority to be ---------------- ( codified , usurped )

8 . The South refused to accept the authority of federal authorities , insisting that

------------------- lay with the individual states . ( bureaucracy , sovereignty )

9 .Her -----------attitude was predictable . She voted against every bill that would have reformed the election laws . ( bureaucratic , reactionary )

10 . The president declared he would not tolerate acts of terrorism , assassination , or any other ----------------- acts against the government . ( despotic , seditious )

Answer Key

1. vanquish 2 . evinced 3. fratricidal 4 . bellicose 5. concise 6 . totalitarian

7 . usurped 8 . sovereignty 9 . reactionary 10 . seditious

2 - ] Each question below includes a word in capital letters , followed by four words or phrases . Choose the word or phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters . Consider all choices before deciding on your answer . Write the letter for your answer on the line provided .

1 . IMMENSE ( A ) great ( B ) unimportant

( C ) angry ( D ) tiny                                               1 . ------------------------

2 . CURSORY ( A ) leisurely ( B ) thorough

( C ) manual ( D ) blessed                                        2 . ------------------------

3 . NONCHALANT ( A ) casual ( B ) chalant

( C ) concerned  ( D ) brave                                     3 . ------------------------

4 . CONVERGE ( A ) separate  ( B ) convert

( C ) resist  ( D ) reverse                                            4 . ------------------------

5 . THEORETICAL ( A ) religious  ( B ) practical

( C ) frequent ( D ) immoral                                      5. ------------------------

6 . DISCORD ( A ) agreement  ( B ) argument

( C ) musical  ( D ) sensible                                          6 . --------------------

7 . CLICHÉ  ( A ) slander  ( B ) unique remark

( C ) proverb  ( D ) wisdom                                         7 . --------------------

8 . CORDIAL  ( A ) friendly  ( B ) dazed

( C ) hostile  ( D ) remarkable                                      8 . --------------------

9 . NAÏVE  ( A ) intelligent  ( B ) nice

( C ) simple  ( D ) experienced                                      9 . --------------------

10 . GAUCHE  ( A ) refined  ( B ) clumsy

( C ) unusual  ( D ) familiar                                         10 . ------------------

11 . DESOLATE  ( A ) solid  ( B ) prosperous

( C ) foreign  ( D ) convenient                                       11 . ------------------

12 . CULMINATE  ( A ) initiate  ( B ) destroy

( C ) reward  ( D ) elevate                                              12 . -------------------

13 . BLASÉ  ( A ) extinguished  ( B ) difficult

( C ) injured  ( D ) excited                                              13 . -------------------

14 . POTPOURRI  ( A ) hodgepodge  ( B ) orderly arrangement

( C ) sober  ( D ) elaborate                                             14 . -------------------

15 . DISCURSIVE  ( A ) direct  ( B ) repulsive

( C ) appealing  ( D ) handwritten                                  15 . ------------------

Answer Key

1 . D 2. B 3. C 4 . A 5 . B 6 . A 7 . B 8 . C 9 . D 10 . A 11 . B 12 . A 13 . D 14 . B 15 . A

3 - ] Match the definition in Column B with the word in Column A . Write the letter for your choice on the answer line .

   Column A                   Column B

1. vicinity              a . pertaining to the heart                         1 . -----------------

2 . diverge             b . area or region                                       2 . ----------------

3 . entrepreneur    c . to meet at a certain time and place       3 . ----------------

4 . recurrent          d . one’s group of customers                     4 . ----------------

5 . rendezvous       e . to move in different directions              5 . ---------------

6 . cardiac              f . occurring again                                     6 . ---------------

7 . duration            g . method of entry                                   7 . ----------------

8 . precursor          h . length of time                                       8 . ---------------

9 . entrée                I . one who runs a business                        9 . ----------------               

10 . clientele           j .  forerunner                                             10 . ----------------

Answer Key

1 . b 2 . e 3 . I 4 . f 5 . c 6 . a 7 . h 8 . j 9 . g 10 . d

 

 

Vocabulary Tests - Test Seven ( 7 )

Vocabulary Tests

Test Seven 

Test Seven

1 - ] Decide which word or words best replace the underlined vocabulary word in the sentences below . Write the letter for that word on the answer line .

1 . Lincoln was about to emerge  from the crowd , mount the podium , and raise his right hand to take his second oath of office .

( A ) escape  ( B ) turn away

( C ) hide  ( D ) come forth                                                           1 . -------------------

2 . Lincoln’s tall , gaunt  appearance seemed to perfect keeping with the dismal gray of the sunless sky .

( A ) lean  ( B ) foolish

( C ) humorous  ( D ) angry                                                          2 . -------------------

3 . When the assembled crowd saw their president , the solemnity of the occasion gave way to applause .

( A) boredom  ( B ) confusion

( C ) ridiculousness  ( D ) seriousness                                           3 . -------------------

4 . The applause rose to a powerful roar , then just as quickly subsided  .

( A ) changed  ( B ) turned away

( C ) declined  ( D ) became louder                                                4 . -------------------

5 . At the exact moment the sun broke through the gray clouds that had shrouded the scene since early morning , and shafts of sunlight shone on the speaker’s platform .

( A ) framed  ( B ) illuminated

( C ) hidden  ( D ) buried                                                               5 . -------------------

6 . Many who witnessed the scene and recorded it in their diary saw this as an omen  of good things to come in Lincoln’s second term .

( A ) example  ( B ) beginning

( C ) prediction  ( D ) representation                                            6 . ------------------

7 . Lincoln had been forced to accept war rather than let the nation perish .

( A ) die  ( B ) grow old

( C ) prosper  ( D ) disappear                                                         7. --------------------

8 . With malice toward none ;with charity for all , let us strive to finish the work we are in .

( A ) indifference  ( B ) kindness

( C ) suspicion  ( D ) ill will                                                             8 . --------------------

9 . With malice toward none ; with charity for all , let us strive to finish the work we are in.

( A ) indifference  ( B ) kindness

( C ) suspicion    ( D ) ill will                                                           9 . --------------------

10 . We will do everything that may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace , among ourselves and with all nations .

( A ) treasure  ( B ) ignore

( C ) avoid  ( D ) steal                                                                       10 . --------------------

Answer Key

1 . D  2 . A  3. D  4 . C  5. C  6. C  7. A  8 . D  9 . B  10. A

2- ] Each question below include a word in capital letters , followed by five words or phrases . Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the word in capital letters. Write the letter for your answer on the line provided .

1 . OSTRACIZE ( A ) praise highly ( B ) blend

( C ) elevate to a position of power ( D ) exclude from a group   1 . -------------------

2 . PILFER ( A ) wear out ( B ) steal in small amounts

( C ) clear of guilt  ( D ) punish sevewrly                                       2 . ------------------

3 . GRATUITOUS ( A ) unnecessary ( B ) attracted by money

( C ) grateful  ( D ) fortunate                                                         3 . ------------------

4 . WIELD ( A ) handle skillfully ( B ) fasten securely

( C ) movew on wheels  ( D ) overlook                                           4 . ------------------

5 . AFFRONT ( A ) argument  ( B ) insult

( C ) most important part  ( D ) compromise                                 5 . ------------------

6 . PUGNACIOUS ( A ) bound together tightly ( B ) complex

( C ) quarrelsome  ( D ) disfigured                                                  6 . ------------------

7 . TEMPORAL ( A ) of short duration  ( B ) tempting

( C ) worldly  ( D ) immoral                                                           7 . --------------------

8 . CHRONIC ( A ) habitual  ( B ) royal

( C ) painful  ( D ) blessed                                                              8 . -------------------

9 . DEXTEROUS ( A ) left-handed  ( B ) skillful in use of hands or body

( C ) easily angered  ( D ) frightening                                            9 . -------------------

10 . IMPOSTOR ( A ) fake  ( B ) strong supporter                      10 . ------------------

11 . ANXIETY ( A ) source of comfort  ( B ) political opponent

( C ) physical strength  ( D ) worry                                                11 . ------------------

12 . MYRAID ( A )  made up of a large number ( B ) mysterious

( C ) having a simple structure  ( D ) absent-minded                     12 . -----------------

13 . CULPABLE (A ) famous  ( B ) annoying

( C ) talented  ( D ) responsible for a crime                                     13 . -----------------

14 . COMPOSITE ( A ) solid  ( B ) carefully composed

( C ) made up of various parts  ( D ) type of mineral                     14 . ------------------

15 . SALLY ( A ) rush forward  ( B ) ruin

( C ) soil with dirt  ( D ) attack fiercely                                            15 . -----------------

Answer Key

1 . D 2 . B 3 . A 4 . A 5 . B 6 . C 7 . C 8 . A9 . B 10 . A 11 . D 12 . A 13 . D 14. C 15. A

3 - ] Match the definition in Column B with the word in Column A . Write the letter for your choice on the answer line .

   Column A                   Column B

1. amnesty                   a . place for putting things                      1 . ------------------

2 . felony                      b . written message                                  2. -------------------

3 . missive                    c . to desire greatly                                   3 . -----------------

4 . covet                        d . related to clothing                              4 . ------------------

5 . antagonism             e . sponsorship or protection                   5 . -----------------

6 . redoubtable            f . hostility                                                6 . -----------------

7 . contemporary         g pardon                                                  7 . -----------------

8 . repository                h serious crime                                         8 . -----------------

9 . aegis                         I living or happening at the same time . 9 . ----------------- 

10 . sartorial                  j awesome                                               10 . ----------------

Answer Key

1. g 2 . h 3. b 4 . c 5 . f  6. j  7. I  8 . a  9 . e  10 . d  


 

184- ] English Literature

184- ] English Literature Jane Austen  Austen’s novels: an overview Jane Austen’s three early novels form a distinct group in which a stro...