Composition & Essay Writing [ 25 ]

25- ] Composition & Essay Writing .

18-] Pollution .

   Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability , disorder , harm or discomfort to the ecosystem . Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy such as noise, heat or light energy .

                    The major forms of pollution with the particular pollutants relevant to them are 1-] air pollution 2-] water pollution  3-] soil contamination . 1-] Air pollution is caused by the release of chemicals and particulates into the atmosphere . Common gaseous air pollutants are produced nearly by industry and motor vehicles . They include carbon dioxide and monoxide , sulfur dioxide , chlorofluorocarbons [ CFC ]and nitrogen oxides .

          Water pollution is caused by the release of waste products and contaminants into surface runoff into river drainage systems , leaching into groundwater liquid spills , wastewater discharges , eutrophication and littering . But soil contamination occurs , when chemicals are released by spill or underground leakage . Among the most significant soil contaminants are hydrocarbons , heavy metals , herbicides , pesticides and chlorinated hydrocarbons .

                     There are bas effects on human health and the ecosystems. Adverse air quality can kill many organisms including humans.    Ozone pollution can cause respiratory disease , cardiovascular disease , chest pain and congestion . Water pollution causes approximately 14000 deaths per day mostly due to contamination of drinking water by untreated sewage in developing countries . Oil spills can cause skin irritations and rashes . Noise pollution induces hearing loss , high blood pressure , stress and sleep disturbance . Chemical and radioactive substances can cause fatal diseases such as cancer and birth defects . The sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can cause acid rain . Soil can become infertile and unsuitable for plants . This will affect other organisms in the food web . The emission of greenhouse gases leads to global warming which affects ecosystems in many ways .

                          The World Bank reported in 2002 that pollution causes 2.42 billion dollars of damage to the Egyptian environment annually equaling about 5% of the country’s annual gross domestic product .

                           To protect the environment from the adverse effects of pollution , many nations worldwide have enacted legislation to regulate various types of pollution as well as to mitigate the adverse effects of pollution . Without pollution control the waste products from consumption , heating , agriculture , mining , manufacturing , transportation and other human activities , whether they accumulate or disperse will degrade the environment .