29 - ] Vocabulary Practice Exercises
Upper Intermediate
Participial Constructions
Past Participial Phrases .
1 - ] The past participle can sometimes replace
subject + passive verb .
I often saw her at the theater . She was surrounded
by her admirers .
I often saw her at the theater , surrounded by her
admirers .
Although it was intended to be a nice surprise , the
party was not what I wanted at all .
Although intended to be a nice surprise , the party
was not what I wanted at all .
2 - ] Being + past participle following after ,
before , when , since , while , on , by .
After it was cleaned the bike looked as good as new .
After being cleaned , the bike looked as good as new
.
The message got across to people because it was
repeated over and over again .
The message got across to people by being repeated
over and over again .
Rewrite the sentences below using a past participial
phrase or being + past participial phrase .
Example
1 . I was exhausted through lack of sleep and fell
asleep at my desk .
Exhausted through lack of sleep , I fell asleep at my
desk .
2 . He was abandoned by his parents at an early age
and took to stealing .
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3 . Although it was written many years ago , the book
is still relevant today .
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4 . Since I was promoted , I’ve had no time to go out
.
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5 . The boy was taken from his parents at an early
age .He had a very difficult life .
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6 . The money was hidden in the cellar . It was not
discovered for many years .
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7 . He was frequently criticized for his
self-centered attitude but was nonetheless very popular .
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8 . After he was released from prison , Ali could not
find a job anywhere .
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9 . The committee meetings , which were always
dominated by the same people , were slow-moving and ineffectual .
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10 . When he was caught , he confessed everything .
(On-------)
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11 . When it is seen from the outside , the building
looks a mess , but it is lovely inside .
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12 . If we are elected , we will increase the value
of pensions .
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13 . Although he was ridiculed by everybody , he
continued to pursue his bizarre projects .
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14 . Unless it is destroyed , this material could
have damaging consequences .
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15 . She had been shoplifting for many years before
she was found out .
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Adverbial Clauses of Time , Place , Manner And Reason
.
Adverbial clauses ,like adverbs , tell us sometimes about
the verb and answer the questions When , Where , How , Why ? , etc.
Some of the most common conjunctions to introduce
adverbial clauses .
1 - ] Time : when , after , before , as , as soon as , by
the time (that) , once , since , until / till , wherever , while
2 - ] Place : where , wherever , anywhere , everywhere
3 - ] Manner : as , as if , as though
4 - ] Comparison : than , as --------as
5 - ] Reason : because , as , since
6 - ] Purpose : so that , in order that , in case
7 - ] Result : so --------- that , such a ---------- that
8 - ] Condition : if ,unless , provided / providing (that)
, so / as long as
9 - ] Contrast : although / though / even though , while ,
whereas , however , ( + much / good / badly ) , whatever , whenever , wherever
Underline the adverbial clauses and complete them with an
appropriate conjunction .In some sentences , more than one conjunction is
possible .
Example
1 . I’m sorry I wasn’t here earlier but I came as soon as I could .
2 . I’m staying in all weekend -------------------I can
get my work done .
3 . He spoke to me ----------------it was all my fault .
4 . He didn’t react ---------------I’d hoped ; he was
actually rather angry .
5 . Things are never ---------------------bad
----------------------you think they are .
6 . You are growing fast . You’re taller
---------------------your mother is now .
7 . He’d like to be an actor ------------------his father
would like him to be a lawyer .
8 . She’s --------------------interested in her work .
9 . I’ll meet you ----------------------you like ; I don’t
mind where it is .
10 . I won’t believe you ---------------------I’ve seen it
for myself .
11 . She seems happy --------------------she can’t find a
job .
12 . -------------------------I didn’t feel very well , we
decided to leave early .
13 . The money was hidden ----------------------no-one
could find it .
14 . I’ll come with you --------------------we don’t stay
late . I need to be up early tomorrow .
15 . ----------------------------I like him , I sometimes
find him very irritating .
2 - ] Put an
appropriate conjunction before the adverbial clauses .
(1) Since the petrol-fueled internal combustion
engine was first developed by the German engineers Benz and Daimler in 1885 ,
our lives have changed completely . (2) the damaging effects of the motor car
are now well-recognized , the number of cars on the road continues to grow
every year . In 1950 , there were fewer than 50 million cars in use around the
world , but (3) ------------cars became more widely available and relatively
cheaper , this number grew to 500 million by 1999 .
We
continue to drive cars (4) ----------------we know how dangerous they are in
every respect .People seem to accept the higher number of deaths and injuries
as a normal fact of life (5) ----------------smaller risks in other areas of
life seem to generate more publicity and fear . We accept the awful risk (6)
------------it is somehow justifiable . (7) --------------any other activity
carried with it such a risk , there would be a huge public reaction .
And what
of the pollution ? (8) ------------------research into car emissions started ,
it has become clearer and clearer how damaging the emissions are to health and
the environment . Will we keep on driving our cars (9) -----------------much
damage we do ? It seems that people are (10) ----------------attached to their cars
that they won’t give them up for anything . To some people , their car is more
important to them (11) ---------------anything else .
One of
the obvious answers to the problem is better public transport . (12)
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we could travel (13) ----------------we liked on
cheap , comfortable public transport , we would be less inclined to use the car
. People will not stop using their cars (14) ---------------
there is a good alternative . But we need to act now
(15) -------------------it is too late . We must change our attitude and our
priorities (16) ---------------future generations can live in a cleaner world .
Participial
Phrases
Write
the following text changing clauses to participial phrases where possible.
Vincent
Van Gogh , who was born in Holland in 1853 , is one of the world’s most famous
painters . Although his talent was unrecognized throughout his life , it was
much appreciated after his death .
After he had failed in every career he had
attempted , Van Gogh first turned to art to express his strong religious
feelings . After he had decided to become a painter ,in about 1880 , he started
to paint studies of peasants and miners . During the next few years , which are
known as his ‘Dutch period’ , he produced paintings with rather greenish-brown
colors.
In 1886 , when he went to Paris to visit
his brother Theo , he was immediately attracted to the Impressionist work he
saw there . He decided to stay in Paris and continued his painting there . He
was encouraged by Pissaro to use more color in his pictures and his subsequent
paintings were bright and immensely colorful .
After Van Gogh had moved to Arles in the
south of France , in 1888 , he worked frantically . This frenzied activity ,
which was interrupted by bouts of deep depression and despair , produced the
majority of his most famous paintings . One of these , which is called Self
Portrait with Bandaged Ear , shows Van Gogh : he was wearing a bandage
after he had cut off his own ear . A year later , in 1890 , he committed
suicide .
A lot is known about Van Gogh’s life and
his feelings because of the hundreds of letters which were written by him to
his brother Theo and others . Because his brother believed in Van Gogh’s genius
, he always encouraged him in his work . He was the person closest to Van Gogh
.
Example
Born in Holland in 1853 , Vincent Van Gogh one of the world’s most famous painters .
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