Grammar American & British

Friday, December 24, 2021

Grammar Practice Exercises [ 34 ] , Upper Intermediate

34 - ] Grammar Practice Exercises 

Upper Intermediate

 19 - ] Common Prepositions Of Time .

at , on , in , by , before , after , since , for , during , until / till , from a time to / until / till

We use at with festivals and religious celebrations : at Easter

Complete the gaps with a suitable preposition of time .

Basma and Gamila are friends .

Example

B : Gamila , how would you like to come round for a meal (1) on  Saturday ?

G : Yes , that sounds a good idea . (2) --------------the evening , do you mean ?

B : Yes . (3) --------------------about 8 o’clock if that’s O.K.

G : Sure , that would be fine . The only thing is , I’ll have to leave (4) ------------about midnight because I’ve got to get up early (5) -----------Sunday morning .

B : That’s all right . I don’t like staying up much (6) -----------midnight anyway .

G : No , neither do I . I stayed up (7) ---------------three o’clock last Saturday and I felt terrible (8)---------------Sunday morning .

B : So what were you doing (9) ---------------------three o’clock ?

G : Oh , Kamilia came down (10) ----------------the weekend . We actually got home (11)

----------------about half past twelve (12) ---------------Saturday night but then we stayed up talking (13) -------------another two and a half hours .

B : Oh , how is Kamilia ? I haven’t seen her (14) --------------------your party last year .

G : Oh she’s a bit fed up . She’s just split up with her husband (15) --------------four years together .

B : Oh , poor Mamilia .

G : Yes , and they split up just (16) -------------------her exams started too . In fact , I think she had her first exam the next day . Isn’t that awful ? Anyway , I’ll tell you about it (17) ---

Saturday .

B : O.K. I’ll see you then .

20 ] Common Prepositions Of Position And Movement

Notes

- We usually use on rather than onto  . We use onto when we want to emphasize the movement from one place onto another .

Examples

I drove onto the motorway . ( I drove off another road onto the motorway .)

I drove on the motorway . ( That’s where I drove . / That’s how I got there . )

- in as an adverb : When does the train get in ?

- on a train , bus , plane

- in a car

Complete the gaps with a preposition ( or adverb ) of position or movement .

Two friends , Badria and Mariam , are talking .

Example

B : I didn’t see you (1) at the club last night . Where were you ? Did you stay (2)-------home?

M : Yes , I thought it was time to stay (3) -----------for a change and , besides , I didn’t feel very well . I just lay (4) ---------------bath reading for ages . I decided I wasn’t going to get (5) ---------------the bath until I’d finished the book . But then Rashida turned up (6) ----------

the doorstep so I had to get (7) --------------to see her .

B : So are you feeling well enough to come out later on ?

M : I think so .

B : Well , I’m going round (8) -------------Huda’s at 5.00 and we’re going to take the train (9) ------------------Qusia ---------------Assiut . So we should get (11) ------------nice café(14) ----

the riverbank . And if we see Hassan there , he might invite us (15) ------------his boat .

M : Oh , that would be nice .

B : Did he tell you about Khalid pushing him (16) --------------last week ?

M : No . So he fell (17) ----------------the boat , did he ?

B : Yes , and straight (18) ---------------------the river . He was soaked , and pretty cold too .

Complete the gaps with a suitable preposition or adverb of time or place .

Example

It was 8 o’clock (1) on a cold morning (2) -------------January . She was still asleep . She usually stayed (3) --------------bed (4) ----------------about 9 o’clock (5) ---------------- the winter . Suddenly she was woken up by a knocking at the door . She got (6) ---------------bed and went (7)---------------the door . There was a man (8) ----------------the doorstep . She thought she recognized him . ‘Hello Rania,’ he said . ‘It’s Tamer . Can I come (9) ----------?’

And then she knew who it was but she didn’t quite believe it . She hadn’t seen him (10) -----

thirty years , not (11) --------------the summer of 1990 when she’d said goodbye to him the night (12) -----------------his final departure . That was when he went off(13) ----------war.

It was two years (14) ------------that when she received the letter (15) --------------- the War Office which said that Tamer had been missing (16) -------------some time and was now presumed dead . She kept on hoping that they were wrong right up (17) -----------the end of the war . But then she gave up . (18) ----------------then , she’d continued to think of Tamer every day . (19) ----------------his birthday , she always stayed (20) ----------------home all day because she couldn’t bear to meet anybody . She’s met Tamer (21) ---------------the age of sixteen and they’s had a wonderful time together (22) ------------the start of the war . She was nineteen when war broke out and they’d been together (23) -----------three years . They were going to get married (24) --------------the war .

She looked at his face . It was still the same face but with quite a few lines (25) ---------------it and there was a bit less hair (26) --------------his head . He put his hand(27) ----------his pocket and took out a small photograph . It was one she’s sent him just (28) ---------------his disappearance . It was a picture of her (29) ---------------a teenager (30) -------------the war . She held it (31) ------------her hand and remembered back to those times . She felt rather hot and dizzy and thought that she might fall (32) -------------the floor at any moment . She asked him to come (33) -----------------the living-room and they sat down together to tell their stories . 

Grammar Practice Exercises [ 33 ] , Upper Intermediate

33 - ] Grammar Practice Exercises

Upper Intermediate

18 -] Tag Questions .

Echo Tags

An echo tag is a tag used in response to a statement . Echo tags are very common in spoken English . We use echo tags to show that we are listening to what the speaker is saying and showing interest .

Example

A : I met Ali the other night .

B : Did you ?

A : I’m not going to apply for that job now .

B : Aren’t you ?

Complete the gaps with a tag question or echo tag

Example

A : It’s been a wonderful day (1) hasn’t it ?

B : yes , fantastic . And we’ve had no problems with anything , (2)-----------------? Everything’s been perfect .

A : That’s right . It’ll certainly be a lovely day to remember , (3)--------------------------?

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A : I had a letter from Ahmad yesterday .

B : Oh , (4) ------------------------------?

A : Yes , he says he’s coming to stay this weekend .

B : Really ? That’ll be nice , (5) ------------------------?

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A : I don’t know what to do today . Just look at the rain outside .

B : Well , I don’t want to stay in all day . Let’s go and see a film , (6) --------------------?

A : Why not ? Good idea . There’s nothing much on at the local cinema though ,

(7)------------------------------?

B : All right . We’ll take the train into town then , (8) ----------------------------?

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A : Rami and his wife are coming round for dinner tonight .

B : (9) ------------------------------ ? Oh , that’ll be nice .

A : Yes . I thought you might like to come too .

B : Well yes , but you haven’t seen them for a long time . I expect you’d like to talk to them

on your own , (10) --------------------------?

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A : How did you get in here ?

B : I came in through the back door .

A : No , I don’t think so .

A : You shouldn’t come and see me like this . It’s dangerous . Please don’t come here again , (12)-----------------------------?

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A : That’s a beautiful table , (13) ---------------------------?

B : Yes , it is , (14) ---------------------------?

A : It would ne lovely in our kitchen , (15) --------------------? Why don’t we get it ?

B : Don’t be ridiculous . Look at the price . We can’t afford it , (16) -------------------?

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A : You couldn’t hold this door open for me , (17) -----------------------? I can’t get the pram through it ?

B : Of course . It’s terrible how they design these doors , (18) ---------------? It makes it so difficult for people in wheelchairs or with young children .

A : Yes , it does , (19) ----------------------?

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A : I’ve just been talking to Said .

B : (20) --------------------, Dad ?

A : Yes , and I didn’t like what he told me . So you went to that nightclub on Friday ,

(21) ---------------------------- ? The one I told you not to go to .

B : I’m sorry Dad . I thought you wouldn’t really mind .

A : Oh you did , (22) -------------------------? Well , I do mind .

Rewrite the conversation adding tag questions where appropriate .

Tamer and Daher used to be old friends . They meet again at a party .

D : Hello . Nice to see you here . It’s a great party .

T : Yes , it’s really good . There are so many people here that I haven’t seen for ages .

D : Yes , there are a lot of our old school crowd here . Have you spoken to many of them ?

T : Yes , quite a few . I bumped into Ahmad a few minutes ago and we had a brief chat . Well , no , he chatted and I listened .

D : Yes , he’s still the same . He just loves talking about himself and he doesn’t seem to be interested in what anyone else has to say .

T : That’s right . Oh look , that’s Mido over there .

D : Yes , you’re right , it is . Who’s that he’s with ?

T : It’s Nasser .

D : But he’s going out with his brother Emad .

T : Well , yes , I thought so . But look , he’s holding his friend’s mobile .

D : Oh yes . Well , I suppose our information must be out-of-date then . Anyway , what about you ? I’ve missed you , you know .

T : Yes , I’ve missed you too .

D : But I expect you’ve a new friend now .

T : Not now , I did for a little while after you went away but not now .

D : It was hard saying goodbye . I was going to write to you but I thought it wouldn’t help .

T : No , maybe not . Well , anyway , we’re here together now . Why don’t we just enjoy ourselves .

D : Good idea . Let’s sing .

T : Yes , I’d like to . But not now . The music is terrible .

D : Well , it’s no good for singing , that’s for sure . We’ll go and ask them if we can change it .

T : OK . Well , you go . And put on one of our favorites .

D : Yes , I will . And will you be waiting for me when I get back ?

T : Yes , of course I will .

Example

D : Hello . Nice to see you here . It’s a great party , isn’t it ?

Grammar Practice Exercises [ 32 ] , Upper Intermediate

32 - ] Grammar Practice Exercises

Upper Intermediate

Relative Clauses of Time , Place And Reason

In relative clauses of time , place and reason , it is possible to use when , where and why in place of relative pronouns .

Examples

Time ; 1993 was (the year) when we moved here .

Place : That’s (the place) where we stayed for our oneymoon .

Reason : Its central location is (the reason) why we chose this flat .

Rewrite each pair of sentences as one sentence , using a relative clause with when , where or Why .

Example

1 . The early morning is the time . I work best then

The early morning is (the time) when I work best .

2 . His mid-teens were the time . He first became interested in politics then .

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3 . His dishonesty is the reason . That’s why I left him .

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4 . Alexandria is the city . I’d most like to live there .

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5 . The outdoor swimming pool has now been closed down . We often went there as children .

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6 .This is a picture of the place . We’re going there for our holidays .

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7 . His refusal to tell her the truth is the reason . That’s why she is so angry with him .

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8 . This is the place . I fell off my bike here .

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9. The people I work with are the reason . That’s why I stay in the job .

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10 . That terrible night in December changed my life forever . I found out then what had been going on .

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Relative Clauses After ‘all , etc.

- All , anyone / anything , everyone / everything , the only thing , the best (and other superlatives) + a defining clause

Examples

All that happened was that they had a little argument . Subject relative clause

All (that) I need to do now is to buy my ticket . Object relative clause

Everyone who came to the party really enjoyed it . Subject relative clause

Everyone (who / that)  I met said they were enjoying themselves . Object relative clause

- After everyone / anyone we can use who or that in both subject and object relative clauses .

 - a few , several , some , many , much , most , all , none , either / neither , half , a number , the biggest (and other superlatives) + of whom / which in a non-defining relative clause .

Examples

My two cousins , neither of whom I have seen for ten years , are coming to visit next week .

Her old letters , some of which have now been lost , make very interesting reading .

Put the following into one sentence using a relative clause .

Examples

1 . You shouldn’t listen to anything . He says it .

You shouldn’t listen to anything (that) he says .

2 . It was nice to see all his family . I have met most of them before .

It was nice to see all his family , most of whom I have met before .

3 . The worst thing is that we’ll miss the train . This can happen .

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4 . I’ve read both the reports . I agree with neither of them .

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5 . The only thing is to get some cash out of the bank . I need to do it .

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6 . The cleaners have decided to take industrial action . Several of them have complained tome about their low pay .

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7 . Everything has been a failure . I’ve done it .

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8 . I’ve lost any optimism of the future . I once had optimism .

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9 . Members of the committee have decided to call for an investigation . Many of them are themselves suspected of corruption .

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10 . The only thing is to give her the chance to talk about it . I can do that .

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11 . Everyone said that Hashim started it . They saw the argument .

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12 . Those chocolates were not meant to be for me . I’ve already eaten half of them .

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13 . The management team are all saying the same thing . I trust none of them .

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14 . The cheapest was about $50 , I saw it .

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15 . Her brothers have set up in business together . The youngest one is a friend of mine .

Coordinating Relative Clauses

In a coordinating relative clause , which refers back to a whole sentence .

Example

He has decided to see the doctor about it , which is a good idea . Which refers back tohim seeing the doctor about it .

Coordinating relative clauses are always non-defining .

Write sentences with a coordinating relative clause . Use the following sentences to make relative clauses and combine them with the statements below .

It will be an interesting experience for him .

That’s just what she needs after all her problems .

He should have done that a long time ago .

It is very worrying .

It will be a great help to him .

It was a complete surprise .

It is a terrible accusation to make .

That will give him more time to spend with his friend .

That’s why I don’t go out very much .

It’s a good shame .

Example

1 . She’s going to have to sell the business .

She’s going to have to sell the business , which is a great shame .

2 . The weather’s very cold at this time of year .

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3 . He’s decided to go and teach abroad .

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4 . They say he’s been stealing money from the company .

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5 . She’s going to have a month off work .

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6 . He’s going to give up his evening job .

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7 . The editor has finally agreed to print an apology .

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8 . She suddenly appeared on the doorstep last night .

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9 . A few people have been attacked in this area recently .

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10 .He’s going to have an electric wheelchair soon .

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Grammar Practice Exercises [ 31 ] , Upper Intermediate

31 - ] Grammar Practice Exercises

Upper Intermediate

Non-Defining Relative Clauses .

1 - ] Rewrite the sentences making the second sentence into a non-defining relative clause and putting it into the correct place .

Example

1 . When I was in town , I met your sister . She was shopping for some clothes .

When I was in town , I met your sister , who was shopping for some clothes .

2 . Their house needs a lot of work doing to it . It is near the beach .

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3 . Samia’s just got a new job with Big Insurers . It’s a much better company than the lat one she worked for .

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4 . The new manager seems to be a very capable man . I met him last week .

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5 . This case is full of books . I carried it all the way from the station .

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6 . The company has just gone bankrupt . We have done business with them for many years.

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7 . The hospital has handed out redundancy notices to all its staff . It is due to close down this year .

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8 . The prisoners are requesting more time out of their cells . Their families are campaigning on their behalf .

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9 . The new government is now facing major problems . It came to power with a lot of public support .

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10 . Her latest novel is really good . I read it on holiday .

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11 . The Home Affairs Minister is suspected of being involved in a financial scandal . The opposition have accused the minister of lying .

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12 . The Education Department is changing its policy in single sex schools . Mrs. Nasser is in charge of the department .

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13 . The Grand department store has made reductions on most of its goods . The store has a sale on at the moment .

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 . The principal actor could hardly speak last night due to a sore throat . He normally has a wonderful voice .

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15 . The sales manager is planning a new advertising campaign . I support his ideas .

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2 - ] Use the following sentences to make non-defining relative clauses . Insert an appropriate clause into each of the sentences .

Her books are read all over the world.

It was very crowded .

We love to walk round them .

It is very powerful .

He is staying in a nursing home .

I like her very much .

He is staying in his holiday home in Alexandria at the moment .

Her parents believed it .

She came over to apologize to us .

I always attend her lectures .

Example

1 . This new drug could have bad side effects .

This new drug , which is very powerful , could have bad side effects .

2 . Her father is said to be dying of cancer .

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3 . The Prime Minister said that he was very saddened by the news of the air crash .

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4 . The story she gave was that she had not realized how late it was .

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5 . Agatha Christie was a very prolific writer .

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6 . The sub-tropical gardens are open all year round .

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7 . The manager of the restaurant said that he was very sorry about the undercooked fish.

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8 . Our professor of psychology has written some very interesting books .

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9 . We packed a picnic and walked down to the beach .

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10 . Next Saturday . I’m going to visit my aunt .

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Defining and Non-Defining Relative Clauses .

Underline the relative clauses in the following article about ‘Poetry And The War’

Example

        One of the most extraordinary things about the First World War was the enthusiasm with which the majority of soldiers went off to fight for their country . Those young , patriotic men , who rushed to the enlistment centers , had no idea what lay ahead of them . They did not know that they would live for months in holes they had dug in the mud . They did not know what it would be like to watch a friend who had been horribly injured die a painful death . And so they were excited , even thrilled , about the prospect of going to war.  

       This was the first war in which the image-makers made an impact . There were posters which asked women to encourage their men to go to war : ‘If he does not think that you and your country are worth fighting for - do you think he is WORTHY of you ?’

         The mood which seized the country was one of patriotic and heroic struggle . At the same time , it was generally believed that it would all be over in a few months .

          The war fever which gripped the nation stirred up the emotions of everyone and there was a huge growth in the writing of poetry . At first the poems were proud and optimistic : ‘Now in they splendor go before us Spirit of England ‘ , but as the war dragged on , the writers of poetry became angry at the myths they had been told . They wanted people to know about the horrible reality of war , which brutalized the people who took part .

              One writer who put these feelings into words very effectively was Wilfrid Owen , who , in the poem Anthem for  Doomed Youth , wrote ‘What passing bells for these who die as cattle ?’ The poetry of Wilfrid Owen , Siegfried Sassoon , Robert Graves and others , which described the horrific reality of war , also questioned its morality . Many of the poets were wealthy , privileged men who had not at first been anti-war , but whose attitudes were changed by what they saw .  

184- ] English Literature

184- ] English Literature Jane Austen  Austen’s novels: an overview Jane Austen’s three early novels form a distinct group in which a stro...