Grammar American & British

Saturday, December 11, 2021

Composition & Essay Writing [ 87 ] Sound Pollution , Social Media

 87 - ] Composition Essay Writing 

Sound Pollution

                       Sound pollution also known as noise pollution is one of the most rampant pollutions we find in the world. Especially in the overpopulated countries , the nuisance of sound pollution is steadily on the rise, especially in urban cities and areas. For example , some statistics say that noise pollution in New Delhi is now having medical effects on the inhabitants of the city. But what exactly constitutes sound pollution?       

                          Sound or rather noise pollution is a physical form of pollution. Sound pollution does not affect any element of our environment directly. So it does not have a direct effect on the land, air, soil or any other such life-supporting elements. It actually affects the human population more directly. Essentially the excess of sound or noise, such that it causes disturbance and imbalances the day-to-day life of humans and animals is known as noise pollution.

               While sound pollution is not fatal or lethal in any form to humans, it is still a very harmful form of pollution. In this sound pollution essay, it is essential that we look at some of the major sources of sound pollution and how they contribute to the ever-rising degradation of our habitats.

                         All the sources of noise pollution are man-made in nature. One of the most common and harmful sources is the noise caused due to various transportation systems and motor vehicles in particular. Increasing traffic congestions, the sheer number of vehicles on the roads, the noise from unnecessary honking, etc. are all major contributing factors to sound pollution, especially in major cities in the world . The other major source of noise pollution is industrial activities. Since the Industrial Revolution, the world has never slowed down manufacturing and other industrial activities. This has taken a toll on our environment in the form of land and air pollution. And now we can add noise pollution to the list. Factories, printing presses, mills, metal works, etc. are all contributing to the noise pollution of the area. Hence it is ideal to keep industrial areas and residential areas separate, but this is not always possible. There are quite literally thousands of other sources such as loudspeakers, roadworks, crackers, household noises, agricultural activities, that all are also harmful and cause some degree of noise pollution.

                 The effects of sound pollution are directly on humans and not on the environment as such. While these effects are not instantaneous there are some very serious effects of noise pollution that cannot be taken lightly. The effects of noise pollution are both physical and psychological or behavioral in nature. One of the obvious physical effects is the effect sound pollution can have on the hearing of a person. Hearing loss or some form of hearing impairment due to excessive noise is becoming increasingly common. And this is not only restricted to senior citizens, but even the younger generation is also being affected in this manner. Another common effect is the lack of sleep due to noise pollution. This, in turn, causes various other symptoms such as irritability, hypertension, ulcers and even cardiovascular diseases. Persistent insomnia can cause humans to have certain negative psychological effects which we can also trace back to sound pollution. Fatigue, mental strain, stress and even depression in some capacity can be the effects of sound pollution.

Social Media

                              Social media is a tool that is becoming quite popular these days because of its user-friendly features. Social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and more are giving people a chance to connect with each other across distances. In other words, the whole world is at our fingertips , all thanks to social media. The youth is especially one of the most dominant users of social media. All this makes you wonder that something so powerful , but with such a massive reach cannot be all good. Like how , there are always two sides to a coin, the same goes for social media. Subsequently, different people have different opinions on this debatable topic. So, in this essay on social media, we will see the advantages and disadvantages of social media.

                        When we look at the positive aspect of social media, we find numerous advantages. The most important being a great device for education. All the information one requires is just a click away. Students can educate themselves on various topics using social media. Moreover, live lectures are now possible because of social media. For example , you can attend a lecture happening in America  , while sitting in any part of the world . Furthermore, as more and more people are distancing themselves from newspapers, they are depending on social media for news. You are always updated on the latest happenings of the world through it. A person becomes more socially aware of the issues of the world. In addition, it strengthens bonds with your loved ones. Distance is not a barrier anymore because of social media. For instance, you can easily communicate with your friends and relatives overseas. Most importantly, it also provides a great platform for young budding artists to showcase their talent for free. You can get great opportunities for employment through social media too. Another advantage definitely benefits companies that wish to promote their brands. Social media has become a hub for advertising and offers you great opportunities for connecting with the customer.

                   Despite having such unique advantages, social media is considered to be one of the most harmful elements of society. If the use of social media is not monitored, it can lead to grave consequences. It is harmful because it invades your privacy like never before. The oversharing happening on social media makes children a target for predators and hackers. It also leads to cyberbullying which affects any person significantly. Thus, the sharing on social media especially by children must be monitored at all times. Next up is the addiction of social media which is quite common amongst the youth. This addiction hampers with the academic performance of a student as they waste their time on social media instead of studying. Social media also creates communal rifts. Fake news is spread with the use of it, which poisons the mind of peace-loving citizens.

         In short, surely social media has both advantages and disadvantages. But, it all depends on the user at the end. The youth must particularly create a balance between their academic performances, physical activities, and social media. Excess use of anything is harmful and the same thing applies to social media. Therefore, we must strive to live a satisfying life with the right balance.



Composition & Essay Writing ( 85 ) Traffic Jam , Cancer

 85 - ] Composition & Essay Writing 

Traffic Jam

                   Traffic jam is the situation when vehicles are stopped completely for some time period on the roads. Also, vehicles have to wait for a long time to move out of the jam. Sometimes it becomes like congestion in traffic. This happens in transport network due to the increasing vehicles and overuse of roads. Often it is due to slow speed, longer trip time and increased queues of vehicles. Therefore, traffic jam is becoming a major issue mostly in all cities.

                  Traffic jam has a tremendous impact on the life of people. It is one of the most serious problems in big cities that people have to deal in daily life. Since most of the people have to deal with it on a daily basis they may get psychologically affected. It also negatively affects work, education and personal life of people and finally to the progress of the country.

                 Traffic is one of the major problems in cities and has made the lives of people really difficult. Obviously, it results in non-productive activity. People experience delays for their important work. This may even result in personal as well as professional losses. It is also the main cause of wastage of fuels and air pollution. It increases stress and frustration among motorists and passengers. Unsafe driving is the main impact of traffic jam which may lead to road mishaps and hence injuries. Traffic jams can also have a negative impact on the mind of a person. The traffic congestion and constant blowing of horns create excessive noise pollution.

                     Let us have a look at some chief disadvantages of traffic jams in detail below: Unproductive time is the major disadvantage of traffic jam. The other negative effect of much traffic is the emission of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere leading to the issue of global warming. Businesses nowadays provide home delivery services. Such time bond businesses are strongly affected by the traffic jam. The frequent breaking and accelerating the vehicles in traffic jams burns more fuel. Hence it is the additional loss. Road rage is the absurd reaction of commuters that is very common during traffic jams. People often use bad language and drive aggressively that can lead to accidents. Emergency vehicles like fire brigade and ambulance get stuck up in traffic jams that cause a delay in reaching the location.

                Some suggestions to solve the traffic jam problem are as follows: People should use public transport as much as possible. The government must increase the facilities of public transport as per the need of the population. Everyone should avoid the unnecessary collection of vehicles. People should use carpool and vehicle sharing to decrease the vehicles on the road.

         If conditions of the road is not good, authorities must improve this situation. Vehicle registration and motor driving license policy must be strictly implemented. People must be aware of traffic rules and also be motivated to follow strictly. Mixed traffic on the roads is also a big reason for it. So, it must be banned. Thus, traffic jam is a serious issue in every big city that causes several problems for common people. It consumes so much of time and energy unnecessarily and hence the loss of the nation. Therefore, serious measures have to be taken by the authorities to control traffic and promote the use of public transport. Development of public transport network at economical rates is essential. Implementation of traffic safety rules by traffic police is a must. People should drive more sensibly and responsibly. Hence we all can work in this way to solve the big threat of the current time.

Cancer

                               Cancer might just be one of the most feared and dreaded diseases. Globally, cancer is responsible for the death of nearly 9.5 million people in 2018. It is the second leading cause of death as per the world health organization.  These statistics are truly astonishing and scary. In the recent few decades, the number of cancer has been increasingly on the rise. So let us take a look at the meaning, causes, and types of cancer in this essay on cancer.

           Cancer comes in many forms and types. Cancer is the collective name given to the disease where certain cells of the person’s body start dividing continuously, refusing to stop. These extra cells form when none are needed and they spread into the surrounding tissues and can even form malignant tumors. Cells may break away from such tumors and go and form tumors in other places of the patient’s body.

                               As we know, cancer can actually affect any part or organ of the human body. We all have come across various types of cancer – lung, blood, pancreas, stomach, skin, and so many others. Biologically, however, cancer can be divided into five types specifically – carcinoma, sarcoma, melanoma, lymphoma, leukemia. Among these, carcinomas are the most diagnosed type. These cancers originate in organs or glands such as lungs, stomach, pancreas, breast, etc. Leukemia is the cancer of the blood, and this does not form any tumors. Sarcomas start in the muscles, bones, tissues or other connective tissues of the body. Lymphomas are the cancer of the white blood cells, i.e. the lymphocytes. And finally, melanoma is when cancer arises in the pigment of the skin.

                         In most cases, we can never attribute the cause of any cancer to one single factor. The main thing that causes cancer is a substance we know as carcinogens. But how these develop or enters a person’s body will depend on many factors. We can divide the main factors into the following types – biological factors, physical factors, and lifestyle-related factors. Biological factors involve internal factors such as age, gender, genes, hereditary factors, blood type, skin type, etc. Physical factors refer to environmental exposure of any kind to say X-rays, gamma rays, etc. Finally , lifestyle-related factors refer to substances that introduced carcinogens into our body. These include tobacco, UV radiation, alcohol , smoke , etc.

                       Early diagnosis and immediate medical care in cancer are of utmost importance. When diagnosed in the early stages, then the treatment becomes easier and has more chances of success. The three most common treatment plans are either surgery, radiation therapy or chemotherapy. If there is a benign tumor, then surgery is performed to remove the mass from the body, hence removing cancer from the body. In radiation therapy, we use radiation (rays) to specially target and kill the cancer cells. Chemotherapy is similar, where we inject the patient with drugs that target and kill the cancer cells. All treatment plans, however, have various side-effects. And aftercare is one of the most important aspects of cancer treatment.




Friday, December 10, 2021

Grammar Practice Exercises [ 24 ] Upper Intermediate

24 - ] Grammar Practice Exercises

Upper Intermediate

 The Infinitive and Gerund : Mixed Uses .

Put the verbs in the dialogue into the to-infinitive or the gerund

Huda has been called to the office of her boss , Ahmad .

Example

A : Take a seat , Huda . Would you like (1) to have (have) some coffee ?

H : Er , no thank you .

A : I asked (2) ------------------------(see) you (3) -----------------------(talk) about your book . I think there are a few things that we need (4) ------------------(discuss) .

H : Oh dear . Is there some problem ? I do love (5) -----------------------(work) here and I think I’m getting better at (6) -----------------(do) the job .

A : Yes , I’m sure you are , Huda , but sometimes you are rather slow (7) ---------------------

(learn) . In a hotel of the reputation , we cannot afford (8) -----------------(make) mistakes and I am sorry (9) -----------------------(say) that you have made rather a lot . There are some things you are very good at , like (10) ------------------------(welcome) the guests , (11) ----------

(talk) to them and (12) -------------------(give) them any help they require .

H : That’s true . I was rather shy when I first started (13) ----------------(work) here but now I’m much better at (14) ------------------(communicate) with the guests . They have often said to me that it is nice (15) -------------------(see) such a friendly face at reception .

A : That’s good . It’s true (16) --------------------(say) that you have got much better at (17)

--------------------------(deal) with people . But you do not pay enough attention to (18) ---------

(ensure) that the administrative part of your job is carried out efficiently .

H : (19) ------------------------------(Keep) the records is not my favorite part of the job , I must admit .

A : But it’s essential (20) -------------------------(do) that properly . It’s no use (21) --------------

(be) nice to all the guests if you are creating problems for them by (22) -----------------(fail)

(23) ------------------------(carry out) your job efficiently .I know there is a lot of work (24)

----------------------(do) at reception , but last week you made three mistakes with the billing . That’s not good enough .

Huda : Yes , I’m sorry about that , but sometimes the bills are very complicated (25) --------

(work out) .

A : I know , but we can’t make mistakes and that’s that . And what about you (26) -----------

(accept) that booking for the penthouse suite at the weekend when we were using it for a conference ? It was very careless of you (27) -----------------(do) that . I had to do a lot of (28)

-----------------------(apologize) (29) ---------------------(calm down) those guests . They were furious .

H : Yes , it was terrible . I do try (30) -------------------(get) everything right but I can’t help (31) ----------------------(make) mistakes sometimes . I just don’t know what (32) -------------

(do) about it .

A : Well , I do . You’ve got a month (33) -----------------------(prove) to me that you can do the job efficiently , and if you can’t , you’ll have (34) -----------------(start) (35) -----------------

(look) for another job .

Different Forms of The Gerund And The Infinitive

The gerund and the infinitive can be used in the following forms

Gerund

gerund

doing

perfect gerund

having done

passive gerund

being done

perfect passive gerund

having been done

Infinitive

infinitive

(to) do

continuous infinitive

(to) be doing

perfect infinitive

(to) have done

perfect continuous infinitive

(to) have been doing

passive infinitive

(to) be done

perfect passive infinitive

(to) have been done

 

Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of the gerund or the infinitive

Example

1 . His greatest ambition is to be chosen (choose) to take part in the Olympics .

2 . ------------------------------(accept) for that course changed my life .

3 . Please come in . I’m sorry ----------------------(keep) you waiting .

4 . It is understood that the escaped prisoner might -----------------(hide) in a friend’s house for the last month .

5 . I saw Amal last night . She seems ----------------------(get) much better .

6 . He denied -------------------------(say) it to me .

7 . We congratulated him on ------------------------(get) the job .

8 . I hope -----------------------(live) in my own house in five year’s time .

9 . The children are looking forward to --------------(film) for that television program .

10 . I’m sorry I wasn’t in when you came round . I would like ---------------(see) you .

11 . I can’t see Hassan . He seems ----------------(leave) .

12 . He denied -------------------(take part) in the robbery .

13 . He is suspected of --------------------(lie) in order to get the job .

14 . The director is understood ---------------------(resign) last week because of the impending fraud investigation .

15 . I hate ------------------------(ask) my age .

16 . The builders are expecting --------------------(finish) the job by the time we get back . .

17 . He was a difficult child , probably due to -----------------(look after) by a series of different foster parents .

18 . She can’t ---------------------(dance) with her husband last night . He’s got a broken leg .

19 . She seems ----------------------(lose) a lot of weight recently , but otherwise I think she’s all right .

20 . He doesn’t respond very well to ---------------------(ask) to do things .


Grammar Practice Exercises [ 23 ] , Upper Intermediate

23 - ] Grammar Practice Intermediate

Upper Intermediate

Gerunds and Infinitives .

Preposition + Gerund

After prepositions , we use the gerund .

Complete the sentences with the correct preposition and the gerund .

Example

1 . Don’t try and discourage me from doing (do) what I want to do .

2 . I’d like to enquire --------------------(enroll) on one of your evening courses .

3 . She seems very excited ------------------(start) that new job .

4 . Are you thinking ----------------------(leave) him ?

5 . I think we’re all in agreement ------------------(cut) our costs .

6 . She lives on her own but she relies ----------------------the neighbors -------------(help) her .

7. She insisted -----------------------(pay) the bill .

8 . I expect he’s very depressed -----------------------(lose) his job .

9 . I think you should apologize -------------------(not tell) me the truth .

10 . I’ve never approved --------------------young people ----------------(stay out) late .

11 . Stop talking and get on --------------------(write) your essays .

12 . Why do you always blame me -------------------(start) the arguments ?

13 . It’s lovely here . It’s a great improvement ----------------(live) in that awful flat .

14 . I warned them --------------------------(buythat car .

15 . They’re planning ------------------(expand) the company .

Complete the sentences with the infinitive or the gerund

Examples

1 . She’s hoping to finish (finish) writing her thesis soon .

2 . Are you looking forward to seeing (see) Ali again ?

3 .The government are opposed to ----------------(spend) more money on public transport .

4 . I’ve been waiting to -------------------(see) you for ages .

5 . Ahmad has persuaded me not to -----------------------(do) it .

6 . It’s very difficult for him because he’s not used to -----------------(speak) English .

7 . Have you never wanted to ------------------(get) married ?

8 . In addition to --------------(work) such long hours , she also does all the jobs in the house .

9 . I’ve been thinking about it all night , but I’m no closer to -----------------(find) a solution .

10 . It was very unfortunate that you forgot to --------------------(post) that letter .

11 . The key to ----------------(sleep) soundly is to have regular exercise .

12 . I don’t know why you object to -----------(work) with her . She seems very nice .

13 . When did you decide to ------------------(give up) the course ?

14 . This problem is similar to -------------(have) problems with money : it’s not a problem until you find you haven’t got any .

15 . They’re proposing to -----------------(open) a new airport just outside the town .

Be + Adjective + Infinitive

Examples

He is keen to change his job .

It’s good of you to come

This book is very difficult to read .

Rewrite the sentences using be + adjective + to-infinitive .

Example

1 . We’re going to leave . We’re ready .

We’re ready to leave .

2 . He’s afraid of telling her the truth .

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3 . I received your letter . I was delighted .

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4 . I heard about their divorce . I was surprised .

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5 . You shouldn’t interrupt people . It’s rude .

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6 . You brought those flowers . It was very kind of you .

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7 . Heating this house is very expensive .

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8 . I saw you last night . It was lovely .

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9 . Having interests outside work is important .

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10 . That child learns very quickly .

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209-] English Literature

209-] English Literature Charles Dickens  Posted By lifeisart in Dickens, Charles || 23 Replies What do you think about Dickens realism? ...