20- ] Spelling & Vocabulary Enrichment .
Travel .
1- ] transport type : road
different kinds of vehicle sports car, estate car , bus , coach tram ,van ,lorry
parts of vehicle : gears, steering
wheel , brakes , tyres , boot , engine
people working with it : driver , mechanic
associated facilities : petrol station garage ,service station
2- ] transport type : rail
different kinds of vehicle : passenger train , freight train , local
train , express
parts of vehicle : sleeping-car buffet , restaurant-car , compartment
people working with it : engine-driver, ticket collector, guard ,
porter
associated facilities : waiting-room , ticket office , signal-box
3- ] transport type : sea
different kinds of vehicle : fishing boat , rowing-boat , liner , ferry, yacht
parts of vehicle : engine-room , deck , bridge , gangplank
people working with it : captain , purser , docker , steward, stewardess
associated facilities : port , buoy , customs , light-house, docks
4- ] transport type : air
different kinds of vehicle : aeroplane , jet , helicopter , supersonic aircraft
parts of vehicle : cockpit , nose , tail , wings , aisle , joystick
B-] Words at sea :
- ‘At sea : a bedroom is a ‘cabin’ , a
bed is a ‘bunk’ , the kitchen on a ship is a ‘galley’ , right is ‘starboard’
and left is ‘port’ and the group of people who work on the ship is called the
‘crew’ . These terms are also used for an ‘aircraft’ . ‘Sailors’ also refer to
their vessels as ‘she’ rather than ‘it’ .
C-] Journey , trip ,
travel , voyage :
- A ‘trip’ is shorter than a ‘journey’
: What was the journey like ? We had a long journey by coach from the north to
the south of the country . We ‘took a trip’ / went on a trip’ to the beach last
weekend . [ ‘go on a trip’ suggests an organized short excursion , whereas
‘take a trip’ or ‘have a trip’ could be something you do yourselves in your own
car .
- ‘Travel’ is a general word . It is a
noun and a verb : ‘Travel’ broadens the mind.
How did you travel round Australia ? We
‘hitch-hiked .
-‘ Voyage’ means a long journey usually
by sea , though this use is quite formal . It is often used in other contexts
with discovery .Learning English is a voyage of discovery !
D-] Some words connected
with travel :
-Last week he ‘flew’ to New York . It
was an early-morning ‘flight’ . The ‘plane’ was to ‘take off’ at 6 a.m. and
‘land’ at 7 a.m. He was ‘stranded’ at the ‘airport’ .
The ‘plane’ was ‘delayed’ by for . ‘Air
passengers’ often suffer such delays .
- ‘Trains’ always ‘run on time’ here .
You have t o ‘change’ trains at this city .
- We are ‘sailing’ on The Phantom . It
‘sets sail’ at noon . It will ‘dock’ in New York at6 p.m. I hope the sea won’t
be ‘rough’ – I might be ‘seasick’ .
- The ‘ship’ was ‘wrecked’ . The
passengers were ‘marooned’ on a desert island .
- Our car ‘does 10 km to the liter’ .
It goes quite ‘fast’ . We can usually ‘overtake’ other cars .
- The car ‘swerved’ into the middle of
the ‘road’ to avoid the ‘cyclist’ .
- He ‘backed / reversed’ the car into
the ‘drive’ and ‘parked’ in front of the house .
Holidays .
A-] Places to stay and
types of holiday :
- ‘camp-site’ : a place where you can
‘pitch a tent’ or ‘park a caravan’ .
- ‘ self-catering flat’ : a flat which
you rent ; you cook for yourself .
- ‘guesthouse’ : accommodation like a
hotel but cheaper and with fewer services .
- ‘ youth hostel’ : cheap accommodation
, mainly for young people , with perhaps ten or more people sleeping in bunk
beds in the room .
- ‘holiday camp’ : a place providing
holiday accommodation in little chalets or flats , with restaurants , bars ,
swimming pools and lots of other facilities and entertainment for when visitors
want a break from sun-bathing .
- ‘time-share apartment’ : accommodation
of which you share ownership with a number of people , for example you own a
twelfth of the apartment so you have the right to stay there for one month
every year .
- ‘package holiday’ : a holiday in
which you pay for travel , accommodation and food [even occasionally excursions
] in advance .
- ‘cruise’ : a holiday spent touring on
a boat , stopping off to go sight-seeing at different ports .
B-] The language of
‘holiday brochures’ is often quite exaggerated . Here are some typical
adjectives with nouns that they collocate with .
- ‘breath-taking’ views / scenery /
pistes ( French ) [ ski slopes ] [ breath-taking [ like stunning ] suggests that something
is so magnificent that it takes your breath away ]
- ‘exclusive’ access / club / shops [
only the most special people can use the facilities ]
- ‘exhilarating’ feeling / ride /
moment [ makes you feel excited and full of energy ]
- ‘exotic’ beauty / charm / location [
unusual and much more exciting than one’s everyday reality ]
-‘glamorous’ surroundings / five-star hotel [ especially exciting and attractive ]
- ‘intoxicating’ views / air /
fragrance [ makes you feel excited and emotional ]
- ‘legendary’ : hospitality / figure /
status [ so special that it has been famous for some time ]
-‘luxurious’ : cruise ship /
accommodation / lifestyle [ provides great comfort ]
- ‘mighty’ : river / cathedral / oak [
large and powerful ]
- ‘picturesque’ : streets / villages /
cottage [ as pretty as a picture ]
- ‘sublime’ : pleasure / simplicity /
skill [ heavenly or divine ]
- ‘unsurpassed’ : opportunity / beauty
/ quality [ nothing better exists ]
- ‘unspoilt’ charm / village / woodland
[ still in a beautiful and natural state ]
At home .
A-] Places in the house :
Here are some less common names of
rooms and locations in a typical house .
-‘master’ /’main’ bedroom : the largest
, most important bedroom
- ‘spare’ bedroom / guest [bed] room :
not used every day ; visitors can stay there.
-‘utility’ room : usually just for
washing machine , freezer , etc.
- ‘shed’ : small building separated
from the house usually for storing garden tools.
- ‘attic / loft : space in the roof of
a house used for storing things ; it can also be converted into an extra living
space with stairs leading up to it [loft /attic conversion ]
-‘cellar’ : room below ground level ,
no windows , used for storing things .
- ‘basement’ : room below ground level
, windows , for living / working .
- ‘study’ : a room for reading /
writing / studying in .
- ‘landing’ : flat area at the top of a
staircase .
- ‘hall / hallway’ : open area as you
come into a house .
- ‘porch’ : covered area before an
entrance-door .
- ‘pantry’ or ‘larder’ : large cupboard
[usually big enough to walk into] for storing food .
- ‘terrace’ or ‘patio’ : paved area
between house and garden for sitting and eating , etc.
- ‘drive’ : short road leading from the
street to the house or garage ; you can drive / park on it .
B-] Small objects in the
house :
- ‘remote control’ , ‘power point and
plug’ , ‘table-mat’ , ‘coaster’ , ‘corkscrew’
‘tea-towel’ , ‘washing-up liquid’ ,
‘grater’ , ‘ironing board’ , ‘dust-pan and brush’
‘bin-liners’ , ‘chopping board’ .
C-] Types of houses /
places people live :
-‘detached house’ : not joined to any
other house .
- ‘semi-detached house’ [informal :
semi-] : joined to one other house .
- ‘self-contained flat’ : does not
share facilities with any other .
- ‘terraced house’ : joined to several
houses to form a row .
- ‘cottage’ : small house in the country
or in a village .
- ‘bungalow’ : house with only one
storey [ no upstairs ] .
- ‘bedsit’ : bedroom and living room
all in one .
- ‘villa’ : large house with gardens or
a rented house in a holiday resort / tourist area .
- ‘time-share’ : holiday flat or house
where you have the right to live one of two weeks a year .
Everyday problems .
A-] Things that go wrong
in houses and flats :
- The lights are not ‘working’ ; there
must be a ‘power cut’ .
- Oh no ! The bathroom’s ‘flooded’ !
Get a mop , quick !
- The door handle’s ‘come off’ .
- The batteries ‘have a run out / are
dead’ . I’ll have to get some more .
- The washing machine ‘broke down’ the
other day . I’ll have to do the laundry by hand .
- Oh dear ! This chair’s ‘broken’ . I
wonder how that happened .
- This pipe’s ‘leaking’ .
- I’m sorry , your cup’s ‘chipped’ .
B-] Everyday minor
injuries :
- She ‘twisted’ her ankle coming down
the stairs .
- I’ve cut’ my finger , while I was
slicing potatoes . [ broken skin with blood coming out ]
- I ‘bumped / banged’ my head on the
cupboard door and got a ‘bruise’ .
- Halla ‘fell down’ and ‘grazed’ her
knee this morning . [ red with broken skin , but no blood ]. ‘Graze’ , ‘cut’
and ‘bruise’ can be used as verbs or as countable nouns .
C-] Other everyday
problems :
- I’ve ‘mislaid’ my father’s letter .
Have you seen it anywhere ? [ put it somewhere and can’t find it ]
- She ‘spilt’ some coffee on the carpet
. I hope it doesn’t ‘stain’ . [ leave a permanent mark ]
- The sink is ‘blocked’ . Have you been
throwing the tea-leaves in there again ?
[ the water will not drain away ]
- I’m afraid I’ve ‘dented’ your car .
I’m really sorry . I’ll pay for the repairs .
[ bent the metal a little bit by
hitting something ]
- I’ve ‘locked myself out’ . Can I use
your phone to ring my wife ?
- The car ‘won’t start’ . I hope it’s
nothing serious . Perhaps the battery’s ‘flat’ .
- The kitchen clock’s ‘slow’ / ‘fast’ /
‘stopped’ . What time do you make it ?
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