General Grammar Exercises & Tests ( 3 )

3- ) General Grammar Exercises & Tests

Practice exercise 5

Write the correct answer in the space using the words below.

have  , particular ,  for  , the ,  as  , be

1 - ] Your presentation was very useful. In-----------the part on marketing strategy.

2 - ] This extinguisher can ----------used only if there is a fire.

3 - ] If you had come earlier, you would ------------found a good seat.

4 - ] My class isn't as well-behaved-----------------yours.

5 - ] Reading is very good ---------------children's intellectual development.

6 - ] Man's greatest invention is --------------computer.

Practice exercise 6

Choose the correct answer.

1. ] Which modal verb expresses deduction?

might

must

can

2. ] Which quantifier is only used before a countable noun?

a few

a little

some

3. ] Which verb is the present perfect passive form?

have made

have been made

had been made

4. ] Which connector expresses a result?

besides

however

therefore

5. ] Which conditional expresses a connection between two imaginary events?

factual

predictive

hypothetical

6. ] Which verb is the gerund form?

to go

go

going

Practice exercise 7

Correct any mistakes in the sentences. If there isn't a mistake, write “ no error “ .

1 - ]  That's the dog whose its owner abandoned it.

2 - ]  I must point on out that the standard of your work is declining.

3 - ] Fadi is doing a research on international trade.

4 - ]  Thank you. I've been had a wonderful time.

5 - ] Why not you pick up a bottle of wine on the way?

6 - ]  I recycle my rubbish in order for to help protect the environment.

Practice exercise 8

Choose the correct answer.

1 - ] Not for many months [ we did , did we , didn’t we ] find a solution to the problem.

2 - ] Nobody knows [ what , why , where ] the company went bust.

3 - ] He said she [ hadn’t been , isn’t , wasn’t ] interested in going to a museum.

4 - ] If [ I would have , will have , I had ] gone to Osaka, I'd have felt the earthquake.

5 - ] I'm [ serious , seriously , more seriously ] considering looking for a new job.

6 - ] Paul said he [ would , will , was ] make a cup of tea .

Are these conditional sentences correct? If you think they are, choose "TRUE".

1. If he didn't know what to do, he would have asked us.

    True

    False

2. Unless she comes soon, we'll be late for the first performance.

    True

    False

3. Tell him to go to his room if he arrives late.

    True

    False

4. I'd love to be able to swim if I'm not afraid of the water.

    True

    False

5. Go quickly if you want to buy that last pair of shoes.

    True

    False

6. I'll tell him the news if I'll see him.

    True

    False

7. If you ring the emergency services, help arrives quickly.

    True

    False

8. If you go to Dallas in August, you get hot weather.

    True

    False

9. If she hadn't gone to university in Paris, she wouldn't be able to speak French so well.

    True

    False

10. If she will go to university next year, we will have the house to ourselves.

    True

    False

11. If I hadn't gone to that interview, I wouldn't have got the job.

    True

    False

12. I'll do the cooking if you buy everything we need.

    True

    False

13. If Andorra were a bigger country, it won't be so famous.

    True

    False

14. He'll call you if he will find a phone. Don't worry.

    True

    False

 

General Grammar Exercises & Tests ( 2 )

 2 - ) General Grammar Exercises & Tests

Practice exercise 1

Write the correct answer in the space using the words below.

who ,  what  , how , which , whom  , where

1 - ] Marie is the person ---------is taking over my job next month.

2 - ]I couldn't imagine -----------------I would be able to find the courage to leave.

3 - ] He really can't work out ---------------he has to go to get the information he needs.

4 - ] The person with ---------------you should be registering your complaint is the manager, but he's unavailable at the moment.

5 - ]Damn! The laptop! That's----------------I meant to give him before he left.

6 - ] I've got a week to finish this,-------------------is just about long enough. 

Practice exercise 2

Choose the correct answer.

1.If I'd got the job I'd --------------- in London.

have lived

to live

lived

2.This is the house I used to ------------------.

live

living

live in

3.Sorry, ------------------ no room, you'll have to find somewhere else to sit.

it's

there's

there has

4. English food is often considered too --------------- for foreigners' tastes.

plane

plan

plain

5.  On hearing the news she burst--------------tears.

to

in

into

6. My day at the health spa was ------------ bliss .

sheer

merely

sheerly

Practice exercise 3

Correct any mistakes in the sentences. If there isn't a mistake, write “ no error” .

1 - ) I enjoy watching the films, going to the theatre and visiting museums.

2 - )  Princess Diana often used to go to shopping in Harrods.

3 - )  Because of he drank a lot, George didn't get invited to his friends' wedding.

4 - ) Whoever stole my chocolate is in a lot of the trouble.

5 - )  The house my grandparents did lived in is up for sale at the moment.

Practice Exercise  4

Choose the correct answer.

1 - ) English football fans are only ( slight , slighter , slightly ) less energetic than the players!

2 - ) Poor Alan was suffering from a ( huge , heavy , hard ) cold and could hardly speak.

3 - ) The room was awfully ( loud , noisy , noise ) because it overlooked the street where all the clubs were.

4 - ) I saw a huge hairy spider ( scraping , craving , scrawling ) across the ceiling over my bed.

5 - ) You don't happen to know where Malcom might be, ( mightn’t , don’t , do ) you?

6 - ) Brian is the only person I know ( who , whom , which ) can hold his breath for more than a minute !

Composition & Essay Writing ( 69 ) Prevention of Global Warming , Impact of Priviatization

69 - ) Composition & Essay Writing

104- ) Prevention of Global Warming

                          Global warming is a term you must have heard by now as it is very prevalent in today’s world. Moreover, it has become a very dangerous environmental issue which we must resolve as soon as possible. If we do not prevent it now, soon we will find it hard to survive on this planet.

            Every person needs to contribute equally to help prevent global warming. Similarly, we must identify the causes that are contributing to this dangerous phenomenon and work hard to find solutions. Furthermore, we must immediately put a halt to all those activities which are causing global warming.

                               There are many activities through which global warming is happening. Mostly human activities are contributing to this damaging phenomenon. The carbon dioxide levels are increasing in the air which is causing global warming. Moreover, the increase in greenhouse gases is also contributing to this phenomenon. Furthermore, the usages of hot water for various purposes like bathing, cleaning and more release gases contribute to it. After that, when we make use of ordinary bulbs instead of LED lights, we contribute majorly to global warming. Similarly, the way people leave their electronic devices unattended when not in use also plays a big role.

              Most importantly, deforestation and cutting plants everywhere just make it worse for our planet. The way we burn wood and fossil fuels only makes the condition of global warming worse. Similarly, when we use too much of automobiles that release harmful toxins in the air, the temperature of earth increases and causes global warming. In order to prevent global warming, we must adopt an eco-friendly lifestyle to make the future safe for our future generations.

                           There are many changes we can bring about in our life both big and small to prevent global warming and save our planet. Firstly, we must stop deforestation in all forms. Do not cut down more trees as it will only worsen the level of carbon dioxide in the air. Instead, encourage people to plant even more trees to create a fine balance in nature. Moreover, it reduces the usage of energy everywhere. It does not matter if you are at your home or at your office, the higher the energy used the more the carbon dioxide produced. Thus, do not waste electricity as it requires the burning of fossil fuels. As a result of the burning of fossil fuels, greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increase rapidly and contribute to global warming. Moreover, reduce the carbon footprint and do not travel through planes that often. Most importantly, replace all your ordinary bulbs with LED lights. It will help in reducing the use of energy by a massive amount. Similarly, do not waste that energy. Instead of becoming more dependent, we need to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and electricity right away. The priority is for eco-friendly options like solar energy and win power, take up the habit of recycling and reusing. Do not throw away things instead learn to reuse them properly. Further, carpool with your neighbors and relatives to not contribute to automobile exhausts and emissions.

105 - ) Impact of Privatization

                       When we say privatization, a lot of things come to one’s mind. They are both positive and negative. It basically refers to the shift of control from the public sector to that of private. The first world countries brought this concept first after which the developing nations caught on the trend. In other words, it mainly aims to enhance the conditions of the services which people get. In addition, it also lowers the burden of the government by taking over certain industries. Privatization has no doubt made quite an impact on the world. Like there are two sides to a coin, over here also comes with benefits as well as drawbacks.

                       Privatization has created quite a positive impact on the world. Firstly, it has reduced government debts. Similarly, it has lessened the burden of the government. Furthermore, the quality of services has enhanced by a great margin. As there is increasing competition in the private sector, everyone is competing to give their best. Privatization has a lot of benefits. It reduced the government’s debts, improved the services and also helped in introducing innovative products. It also stopped any political interference plus brought competitive rates. Moreover, there are now new products that are entering the market on a daily basis to help people get innovative goods. This helps in mixing creativity with private making and it also benefits the consumers greatly. In addition to that, political interference in various sectors has stopped which is a great sigh of relief.  Most importantly, the scenario of rates has increased. Due to the ever-growing competition in the industry, everyone is trying to make the most out of their goods. In order to do that, they offer competitive rates so that everyone can benefit. This brings profits to consumers as well as business owners.

                        While privatization has numerous benefits, it also has a fair amount of drawbacks. The first one being the drop in quality of goods as they mainly aim to make a profit. When people have this intention, they have little or no care about the benefit of the customers, so just to gain maximum profit, they compromise the quality and opt for unfair means. Privatization also has some major drawbacks. Its main aim is to make a profit with little care to consumer wellness. There was also a price rise plus corruption rise after privatization. It also created a lack of transparency and ambiguity in society.

                                   There is also the drawback of the rise in prices. As the private owners usually have a monopoly, they take advantage and charge high prices knowing very well that consumers will have no choice left but to do so. Similarly, this also gives rise to the rise in corruption. There are more and more cases of bribery, fraud, and others on a daily basis. Moreover, transparency levels also drop due to this. In the public sector, people get a clearer picture than in the private sector. As they are not obligated to transparency, they often deceive the consumers. Other than that, privatization has also caused uncertainty amongst the consumers.

          As there are more and more options being added to the market every day, the same product is sold at different forms and prices. This just leads to confusion and difference in quality. Thus, we see how it has both positive as well as negative sides. Consumers need to be more careful and not be fooled.

 

Composition & Essay Writing ( 68 ) , Impact of Global Warming on Ocean , Impact of Cinema in Life

 68 - ) Composition & Essay Writing

102 - ) Impact of Global Warming on Ocean

                        Oceans are beautiful, but Global Warming is ruining them. Global warming is becoming one of the major problems for the whole world. It is affecting our health, reducing the life span of animals, and also impact oceans. In this essay on global warming, we will see how it impacts oceans.

Global warming is impacting oceans in many ways. It is decreasing the level of oxygen, increasing ocean temperature, changing the oceans current, and impacting the lives of many species and marine animals.

                         Global warming is increasing not only the temperature of the environment but also of oceans. Oceans are heating up more day by day, and this is the worst impact of global warming on oceans. In the last two decades, the temperature of oceans is increased by two times. This will impact the sea level of the ocean which will, in turn, affect the climate in a very bad way.

                       Global warming increases the temperature of the water, which makes the water warm. And in warm water, oxygen is less soluble. Thus, oxygen in the ocean is reducing, which is known as Deoxygenation. Deoxygenation will, in turn, reduce the life span of fishes, and marine animals. Fishes will get lesser oxygen and will not be able to live longer. Furthermore, there are many people who are dependent on ocean and marine animals for their livelihood. Global warming is also affecting them indirectly.

                               Fishes are not comfortable with the higher temperature of oceans. They are not getting enough oxygen to live. What are they going to do? They will migrate from one place to another. Most fishes are now migrating towards the northern pole because of deoxygenation and the increasing temperature of the ocean. This will impact a lot of things.

                              Global warming is also impacting the ocean current levels. Due to changes in the ocean current levels, there is also a change in climate temperature, rain patterns are changing, and it is also disrupting the condition of weather. And once again, it is impacting the health of marine animals and species.

                  Global warming is the first world problem that needs to be solved quickly. We need to stop water waste, use public transport instead of private transport, make the use of renewable energy more and more. There are a lot of things we humans can do to stop global warming. But we all need to unite, form strict rules and regulations and follow it. If we do not stop global warming today it will affect our lives and lives of future generations. If we want to make sure our future generation live their life happily and peacefully we need to maintain discipline and contribute as much as we can in stopping Global warming.

             Keeping the world clean and green should be the motto of each and every human on earth. We need to educate people more about how to fight global warming. The more people will discover and realize they are making mistakes, they will stop doing it. If we all unite together, we can stop global warming!

103 - ) Impact of Cinema in Life

                               Cinema has been a part of the entertainment industry for a long time. It creates a massive impact on people all over the world. In other words, it helps them give a break from monotony. It has evolved greatly in recent years too. Cinema is a great escape from real life. Furthermore, it helps in rejuvenating the mind of a person. It surely is beneficial in many ways, however, it is also creating a negative impact on people and society. We need to be able to identify the right from wrong and make decisions accordingly.

                         Cinema has a lot of advantages if we look at the positive side. It is said to be a reflection of the society only. So, it helps us come face to face with the actuality of what’s happening in our society. It portrays things as they are and helps in opening our eyes to issues we may have well ignored in the past. Similarly, it helps people socialize better. It connects people and helps break the ice. People often discuss cinema to start a conversation or more. Moreover, it is also very interesting to talk about rather than politics and sports which is often divided. Above all, it also enhances the imagination powers of people. Cinema is a way of showing the world from the perspective of the director, thus it inspires other people too to broaden their thinking and imagination.

                     Most importantly, cinema brings to us different cultures of the world. It introduces us to various art forms and helps us in gaining knowledge about how different people lead their lives. In a way, it brings us closer and makes us more accepting of different art forms and cultures. Cinema also teaches us a thing or two about practical life. Incidents are shown in movies of emergencies like robbery, fire, kidnapping and more help us learn things which we can apply in real life to save ourselves. Thus, it makes us more aware and teaches us to improvise.

                             While cinema may be beneficial in many ways, it is also very damaging in various areas. Firstly, it stereotypes a lot of things including gender roles, religious practices, communities and more. This creates a false notion and a negative impact against that certain group of people.

People also consider it to be a waste of time and money as most of the movies nowadays are not showing or teaching anything valuable. It is just trash content with objectification and lies. Moreover, it also makes people addicts because you must have seen movie buffs flocking to the theatre every weekend to just watch the latest movie for the sake of it. Most importantly, cinema shows pretty violent and sexual content. It contributes to the vulgarity and eve-teasing present in our society today. Thus, it harms the young minds of the world very gravely.

Composition & Essay Writing ( 67 ) Organ Trafficking , Democracy vs Dictatorship

67 - ) Composition & Essay Writing

100 - ) Organ Trafficking

                        Organ trafficking is a very big issue which the world is facing right now. It is a deadly crime which robs human beings of their healthy life. It is essentially an illegal business of human organs, tissues and body parts. They use them for transplantation. It is bringing down the human body to the worth of an object. They trade them off for a little money or some other commodities.

                      There are various reasons why this happens greatly in all parts of the world. When we look at the problems people are facing in today’s world, a lack of organ donors is the main one. There are too many patients nowadays and too few volunteers. Thus, when the supply and demand do not match, crimes like these will rise.

               Organ trafficking is caused due to a lot of factors. Some of them are poverty, high demand low supply, illiteracy , war, developing regions, lack of strict laws and more. Most importantly, poverty is a great cause of this. People who are in great debt or in need of money sell off their organs to get some temporary relief. They get very less amount than the actual worth. Furthermore, illiteracy is also a great cause. Those who are not educated are not aware of the consequences of selling their organs. They do not know the health hazards and are very vulnerable to this crime.

                   The children in war and developing regions are also very vulnerable to organ trafficking. When they get displaced from their homes, the traffickers make them easy targets. Furthermore, deceiving and dishonest medical firms and people also are a major cause. As organ transplant cannot be done without proper knowledge of it, people of the medical field who are corrupt contribute to it.

The lack of proper implementation of laws also contributes largely to this problem. As there are no stringent laws against this crime, the traffickers have no fear. Moreover, they also get off easy which makes it easy to commit this crime.

                        Organ trafficking has a negative impact on society as a whole. The poor people get robbed off their good health due to this crime. The traffickers exploit them endlessly to make sure they do not betray them. Moreover, kidnapping and human trafficking also happen due to this crime only. The traffickers abduct and traffic children into selling their organs. Some also murder them after their work is done to not leave any proof behind. Organ trafficking also impacts the health of a person as well as their safety. The high demand for organs results in diseases and illnesses amongst people whose organs are trafficked. People also rob others so they can sell their organs. Even medical firms are losing their credibility because of such illegal practices. It impacts humans gravely. It robs them of a healthy life. Moreover, organ trafficking also gives rise to kidnapping, murder, human trafficking. It also hampers with the safety of a person.

                   We need to eliminate this crime to protect people. Governments must take strict measures and implement stringent laws against this crime. We must spread awareness about organ donation so people can donate their organs after death so the supply meets the demand. This will ensure no organ trafficking happens. Moreover, people must also be made aware of the dangers of organ trafficking so they can be better prepared and aware of the consequences.

 101 - )Democracy vs Dictatorship

              Democracy is a form of government in which the citizen is eligible to choose their representative in the government. In addition, it enables the citizen to give their voice in legislation. While on the other hand, dictatorship is a form of government in which the entire power resides in the hand of a single person that is the dictator. Since the 19th and 20th century both democracy and dictatorship emerged as a major form of government in the world.

                        Democracy is a form of government in which the majority of people elect the government. Furthermore, the general public takes interest in this form of government as they have the right to elect their representatives. Moreover, public participation is very important in a democratic system also the citizen of the country participate and are aware of social issues and their right to vote. Furthermore, there is a sense of responsibility in the people. Besides, the representatives are elected by means of elections and they are monitored impartially to ensure system integrity.

                     There are some basic qualities or characteristics of democracy that are equality, political freedom, and the rule of law. Moreover, democracy runs over the principle of majority rule. Furthermore, the eligible people have access to the legislative and are equal before the law. In addition, every eligible citizen vote has equal weight and value. Also, the constitution protects the liberties and right of the citizen of the country. Moreover, the constitution protects human rights through coordination and co-operation. And it offers to represent the diversity of all communities. Besides, equality is the heart of democracy.

                  Dictatorship is a form of government in which absolute power is in the hands of the dictator. Also, the dictator exercises this power in his self-interest. Furthermore, the dictator acts like the whole nation itself.                 The main characteristics of dictatorship are the suspension of the election, rule by decree, lack of civil liberties, repression of political opponents, and proclamation of the state of emergency without acting in harmony with the rule of law. Furthermore, dictators take advantage of their position. They do so by restraining the freedom of speech of the citizen. Also, they do so to maintain their political and social supremacy.   Also, people do not have the right to voice against the ways by which they are governed. In addition, there are no elections and people do not have the right to choose their representatives. All the rules and regulations are made by a single person (dictator).  Moreover, a single person (dictator) makes the law so at times they become brutal for the masses. Most noteworthy, the dictator pays fewer regards to the rights of the people.

          In conclusion, the Democratic form of government is enjoyed by the people and it gives a great deal of liberty to people and the power is in the hand of masses. On the other hand, dictatorship takes away all those rights and liberty. Furthermore, power is in the hand of a single person. In a democracy, development happens to fulfill the need of people. On the other hand, in dictatorship development happens according to the dictator. Above all, democracy is the best form of government that most of the nation of the world love and practice.

  

Composition & Essay Writing ( 66 ) Role of Youth In Nation Building , Consequences of Global Warming

66 - ) Composition Essay Writing 

 98 - ) Role of Youths in Nation Building

                           It is a well-known fact that the youth of any country is a great asset. They are indeed the future of the country and represent it at every level. The role of youths in nation-building is more important than you might think. In other words, the intelligence and work of the youth will take the country on the pathway of success. As every citizen is equally responsible, the youth is too. They are the building blocks of a country.

                     The youth is important because they will be our future. Today they might be our partners, tomorrow they will go on to become leaders. The youths are very energetic and enthusiastic. They have the ability to learn and adapt to the environment. Similarly, they are willing to learn and act on it as well to achieve their goals.

                  Our youth can bring social reform and improvement in society. We cannot make do without the youth of a country. Furthermore, the nation requires their participation to achieve the goals and help in taking the country towards progress. Likewise, we see how the development of any country requires active participation from the youth. It does not matter which field we want to progress in, whether it is the technical field or sports field, youth is needed. It is up to us how to help the youth in playing this role properly. We must make all the youth aware of their power and the role they have to play in nation-building.

                    There are many ways in which we can help the youth of our country to achieve their potential. For that, the government must introduce programs that will help in fighting off issues like unemployment, poor education institutes and more to help them prosper without any hindrance. Similarly, citizens must make sure to encourage our youth to do better in every field. When we constantly discourage our youth and don’t believe in them, they will lose their spark. We all must make sure that they should be given the wind beneath their wings to fly high instead of bringing them down by tying chains to their wings. Furthermore, equal opportunities must be provided for all irrespective of caste, creed, gender, race, religion and more. There are various issues of nepotism and favoritism that is eating away the actual talent of the country. This must be done away with as soon as possible. We must make sure that every youth has the chance to prove themselves worthy and that must be offered equally to all.

     In short, our youth has the power to build a nation so we must give them the opportunity. They are the future and they have the perspective which the older generations lack. Their zeal and enthusiasm must be channelized properly to help a nation prosper and flourish.

99 - )Consequences of Global Warming

                   We all have been very well aware of the climate change that is happening these days. The wind patterns, temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity and all determine our climate. The different part of the world has different climates, for instance, dry, moderate, tropical and more. The climate is what determines the seasons of that area. As we are human beings, our aspect of life depends on the environment around us. That is why we need a healthy and stable one to lead a normal life. However, global warming is disrupting this pattern.

                                Global warming processes in which the temperature of the earth rises steadily and constantly. It is a threatening problem which will bring great danger to all living beings. Similarly, there are many reasons for this phenomenon. The enhanced levels of carbon dioxide, as well as greenhouse gases, contribute to it greatly. If we do not take measures to tackle this problem now, the living beings will soon face their doom. Moreover, we need to realize its harmful consequences so we can work on fixing it quickly.

Furthermore, everyone must be made aware of how they contribute to the increasing level of global warming. Most importantly, we must find an alternative that will help in tackling this issue at the very earliest to save earth and life on it.

             We must all know by now that the temperature of earth has gotten warmer by one degree Celsius. Although it looks small in number now but the consequences it has are massive. It is so because the amount of energy we need to augment this temperature even by one degree Celsius is huge. This extra energy is equivalent to force-feeding our climate system .We are experiencing hotter and hotter days due to global warming only. Each year we are breaking the record for experience the hottest day, month or year. The worrying degree has gone as far as 54 degrees Celsius. Moreover, the frequent and intense extreme weather events we are facing are also due to that only. You see forest fires, droughts, floods, and more natural disasters becoming more and more common. For instance, the Amazon Rainforest fire being the latest one.

The melting of ice caps and glaciers is also a result of global warming only. All this melted ice just creates a rise in the water volume of the oceans. The sea levels are increasing due to this. Moreover, the warmer the temperature gets, the more the mass of the water expands. It poses a great threat to the low-lying islands and coastal cities. Furthermore, our oceans are becoming warmer and acidifying. As these water bodies absorb most of the excess heat as well as Carbon Dioxide they have become more acidic. This, in turn, also results in coral bleaching. In addition, it also drives stronger storms. This rising acidity poses a great threat to aquatic life and disrupts their food chain. Thus, we need to soon get together to eliminate this problem to help our earth heal.