Spelling & Vocabulary Enrichment [ 20 ]

20- ] Spelling & Vocabulary Enrichment .

Travel .

A-] Here is some basic travel vocabulary .

1- ] transport type : road

different kinds of vehicle     sports car, estate car , bus , coach tram ,van ,lorry

parts of vehicle :  gears,  steering wheel , brakes , tyres  , boot , engine

people working with it : driver , mechanic

associated facilities : petrol station garage ,service station

2- ] transport type : rail

different kinds of vehicle : passenger train , freight train , local train , express

parts of vehicle : sleeping-car buffet , restaurant-car , compartment

people working with it : engine-driver, ticket collector, guard , porter

associated facilities : waiting-room , ticket office , signal-box

 3- ] transport type  : sea

different kinds of vehicle : fishing boat , rowing-boat , liner , ferry, yacht

parts of vehicle : engine-room , deck , bridge , gangplank

people working with it : captain , purser ,  docker , steward, stewardess

associated facilities : port , buoy , customs , light-house, docks  

 4- ] transport type : air

different kinds of vehicle : aeroplane , jet , helicopter , supersonic aircraft

parts of vehicle : cockpit , nose , tail , wings , aisle , joystick

people working with it : pilot , ground staff , steward , cabin crew , air traffic controller

B-] Words at sea :

- ‘At sea : a bedroom is a ‘cabin’ , a bed is a ‘bunk’ , the kitchen on a ship is a ‘galley’ , right is ‘starboard’ and left is ‘port’ and the group of people who work on the ship is called the ‘crew’ . These terms are also used for an ‘aircraft’ . ‘Sailors’ also refer to their vessels as ‘she’ rather than ‘it’ .

C-] Journey , trip , travel , voyage :

- A ‘trip’ is shorter than a ‘journey’ : What was the journey like ? We had a long journey by coach from the north to the south of the country . We ‘took a trip’ / went on a trip’ to the beach last weekend . [ ‘go on a trip’ suggests an organized short excursion , whereas ‘take a trip’ or ‘have a trip’ could be something you do yourselves in your own car .

- ‘Travel’ is a general word . It is a noun and a verb : ‘Travel’ broadens the mind.

How did you travel round Australia ? We ‘hitch-hiked .

-‘ Voyage’ means a long journey usually by sea , though this use is quite formal . It    is often used in other contexts with discovery .Learning English is a voyage of discovery !

D-] Some words connected with travel :

-Last week he ‘flew’ to New York . It was an early-morning ‘flight’ . The ‘plane’ was to ‘take off’ at 6 a.m. and ‘land’ at 7 a.m. He was ‘stranded’ at the ‘airport’ .

The ‘plane’ was ‘delayed’ by for . ‘Air passengers’ often suffer such delays .

- ‘Trains’ always ‘run on time’ here . You have t o ‘change’ trains at this city .

- We are ‘sailing’ on The Phantom . It ‘sets sail’ at noon . It will ‘dock’ in New York at6 p.m. I hope the sea won’t be ‘rough’ – I might be ‘seasick’ .

- The ‘ship’ was ‘wrecked’ . The passengers were ‘marooned’ on a desert island .

- Our car ‘does 10 km to the liter’ . It goes quite ‘fast’ . We can usually ‘overtake’ other cars .

- The car ‘swerved’ into the middle of the ‘road’ to avoid the ‘cyclist’ .

- He ‘backed / reversed’ the car into the ‘drive’ and ‘parked’ in front of the house .

Holidays .

A-] Places to stay and types of holiday :

- ‘camp-site’ : a place where you can ‘pitch a tent’ or ‘park a caravan’ .

- ‘ self-catering flat’ : a flat which you rent ; you cook for yourself .

- ‘guesthouse’ : accommodation like a hotel but cheaper and with fewer services .

- ‘ youth hostel’ : cheap accommodation , mainly for young people , with perhaps ten or more people sleeping in bunk beds in the room .

- ‘holiday camp’ : a place providing holiday accommodation in little chalets or flats , with restaurants , bars , swimming pools and lots of other facilities and entertainment for when visitors want a break from sun-bathing .

- ‘time-share apartment’ : accommodation of which you share ownership with a number of people , for example you own a twelfth of the apartment so you have the right to stay there for one month every year .

- ‘package holiday’ : a holiday in which you pay for travel , accommodation and food [even occasionally excursions ] in advance .

- ‘cruise’ : a holiday spent touring on a boat , stopping off to go sight-seeing at different ports .

B-] The language of ‘holiday brochures’ is often quite exaggerated . Here are some typical adjectives with nouns that they collocate with .

- ‘breath-taking’ views / scenery / pistes ( French ) [ ski slopes ] [ breath-taking [ like stunning ] suggests that something is so magnificent that it takes your breath away ]

- ‘exclusive’ access / club / shops [ only the most special people can use the facilities ]

- ‘exhilarating’ feeling / ride / moment [ makes you feel excited and full of energy ]

- ‘exotic’ beauty / charm / location [ unusual and much more exciting than one’s everyday reality ]

-‘glamorous’ surroundings / five-star hotel [ especially exciting and attractive ]

- ‘intoxicating’ views / air / fragrance [ makes you feel excited and emotional ]

- ‘legendary’ : hospitality / figure / status [ so special that it has been famous for some time ]

-‘luxurious’ : cruise ship / accommodation / lifestyle [ provides great comfort ]

- ‘mighty’ : river / cathedral / oak [ large and powerful ]

- ‘picturesque’ : streets / villages / cottage [ as pretty as a picture ]

- ‘sublime’ : pleasure / simplicity / skill [ heavenly or divine ]

- ‘unsurpassed’ : opportunity / beauty / quality [ nothing better exists ]

- ‘unspoilt’ charm / village / woodland [ still in a beautiful and natural state ]

At home .

A-] Places in the house :

Here are some less common names of rooms and locations in a typical house .

-‘master’ /’main’ bedroom : the largest , most important bedroom

- ‘spare’ bedroom / guest [bed] room : not used every day ; visitors can stay there.

-‘utility’ room : usually just for washing machine , freezer , etc.

- ‘shed’ : small building separated from the house usually for storing garden tools.

- ‘attic / loft : space in the roof of a house used for storing things ; it can also be converted into an extra living space with stairs leading up to it [loft /attic conversion ]

-‘cellar’ : room below ground level , no windows , used for storing things .

- ‘basement’ : room below ground level , windows , for living / working .

- ‘study’ : a room for reading / writing / studying in .

- ‘landing’ : flat area at the top of a staircase .

- ‘hall / hallway’ : open area as you come into a house .

- ‘porch’ : covered area before an entrance-door .

- ‘pantry’ or ‘larder’ : large cupboard [usually big enough to walk into] for storing food .

- ‘terrace’ or ‘patio’ : paved area between house and garden for sitting and eating , etc.

- ‘drive’ : short road leading from the street to the house or garage ; you can drive / park on it .

B-] Small objects in the house :

- ‘remote control’ , ‘power point and plug’ , ‘table-mat’ , ‘coaster’ , ‘corkscrew’

‘tea-towel’ , ‘washing-up liquid’ , ‘grater’ , ‘ironing board’ , ‘dust-pan and brush’

‘bin-liners’ , ‘chopping board’ .

C-] Types of houses / places people live :

-‘detached house’ : not joined to any other house .

- ‘semi-detached house’ [informal : semi-] : joined to one other house .

- ‘self-contained flat’ : does not share facilities with any other .

- ‘terraced house’ : joined to several houses to form a row .

- ‘cottage’ : small house in the country or in a village .

- ‘bungalow’ : house with only one storey [ no upstairs ] .

- ‘bedsit’ : bedroom and living room all in one .

- ‘villa’ : large house with gardens or a rented house in a holiday resort / tourist area .

- ‘time-share’ : holiday flat or house where you have the right to live one of two weeks a year .

Everyday problems .

A-] Things that go wrong in houses and flats :

- The lights are not ‘working’ ; there must be a ‘power cut’ .

- Oh no ! The bathroom’s ‘flooded’ ! Get a mop , quick !

- The door handle’s ‘come off’ .

- The batteries ‘have a run out / are dead’ . I’ll have to get some more .

- The washing machine ‘broke down’ the other day . I’ll have to do the laundry by hand .

- Oh dear ! This chair’s ‘broken’ . I wonder how that happened .

- This pipe’s ‘leaking’ .

- I’m sorry , your cup’s ‘chipped’ .

B-] Everyday minor injuries :

- She ‘twisted’ her ankle coming down the stairs .

- I’ve cut’ my finger , while I was slicing potatoes . [ broken skin with blood coming out ]

- I ‘bumped / banged’ my head on the cupboard door and got a ‘bruise’ .

- Halla ‘fell down’ and ‘grazed’ her knee this morning . [ red with broken skin , but no blood ]. ‘Graze’ , ‘cut’ and ‘bruise’ can be used as verbs or as countable nouns .

C-] Other everyday problems :

- I’ve ‘mislaid’ my father’s letter . Have you seen it anywhere ? [ put it somewhere and can’t find it ]

- She ‘spilt’ some coffee on the carpet . I hope it doesn’t ‘stain’ . [ leave a permanent mark ]

- The sink is ‘blocked’ . Have you been throwing the tea-leaves in there again ?

[ the water will not drain away ]

- I’m afraid I’ve ‘dented’ your car . I’m really sorry . I’ll pay for the repairs .

[ bent the metal a little bit by hitting something ]

- I’ve ‘locked myself out’ . Can I use your phone to ring my wife ?

- The car ‘won’t start’ . I hope it’s nothing serious . Perhaps the battery’s ‘flat’ .

- The kitchen clock’s ‘slow’ / ‘fast’ / ‘stopped’ . What time do you make it ?

Spelling & Vocabulary Enrichment [ 19 ]

19- ] Spelling & Vocabulary Enrichment .

Education .

Here are some names that are used to describe the different types of education in Britain .

1- ]play school                       pre-school [ 2-5 years old ]       mostly play with some early learning .

/group nursery school 

2- ]infant school                   primary [ 5/6 –12/13 ]          basic reading , writing , arithnetic, art etc.

junior school  

3- ]comprehensive school     secondary[12 /13 – 16 / 18 ]  wide range of subjects in arts and

or grammar school                                                                   sciences and technical areas

sixth form college [16-18 ]              

4- ]college or university    further / higher [18 +]   degrees / diplomas in specialized academic areas .

‘Comprehensive schools’ in the UK are open to all and are for all abilities . You can only get into a ‘grammar school’ by competitive entry [ an exam ] . ‘Public schools’ in the UK are very famous ‘private schools’ . ‘Colleges’ include ‘teacher-training colleges , ‘technical colleges’ and ‘general colleges of ‘further education’.

B-] Exams and qualifications :

- ‘take / do / sit’ an exam , ‘re-sit’ an exam [ take it again because you did badly first time ]

- ‘pass’ [ get the minimum grade or more ] / ‘do well in’ [ get a high grade ] an exam .

-‘fail’ [ you do not get the minimum grade ] / ‘do badly in’ [ you fail , or don’t do as well as expected / as well as you wanted ] an exam .

- Before an exam it’s a good idea to ‘revise’ for it . If you ‘skip classes / lectures’ ,

you’ll probably do badly in the exam . [ informal ; miss deliberately ]

- Some schools give pupils ‘tests’ regularly to check their progress . The ‘school-leaving exams’ are held in May / June . In England , these are called ‘GCSEs’ [ age 16 ] and ‘A-levels’[ age 18 ] . In some schools , colleges and universities , instead of tests and exams there is ‘continuous assessment’ with ‘marks’ , e.g. 65% or ‘grades’ , e.g. A , B + for essays and projects during the term . If you pass your university exams , you ‘graduate’ [ get a degree ] , then you’re a ‘graduate’ and you may want to go on to a ‘post-graduate’ course .

C-] Talking about education :

- In colleges and universities , there are usually ‘lectures’ [ large classes listening to the teacher and taking notes ] , ‘seminars’ [ 10-20 students actively taking part in discussion etc. ] and ‘tutorials’ [ one student or a small group , working closely with a teacher ] .

- A ‘professor’ is a senior university academic who is a well-known specialist in his / her subject . University and college teachers are usually called ‘lecturers’ or ‘tutors’ .

D-] Asking somebody about their country’s education system .

What age do children at art school at ?

What’s the ‘school-leaving’ age ?

Are there ‘evening classes’ for adults ?

Do you have ‘state’ and ‘private universities’ ?

Do students get ‘grants’ for ‘further education’ ?

Work .

A-] Some job-titles are found in a wide range of different workplaces . The broad meanings are given here :

-‘director’ [ member of the board of a company ] , ‘executive’ [ important person who makes big decisions ] , ‘administrator’ [ person who runs the office day-to-day ] , ‘clerk’ [ ordinary office worker ] , ‘skilled-worker’ [ trained to do specific tasks , e.g. building a computer ] , ‘unskilled-worker’ [ doing a job that needs no training ] , ‘laborer’ [ does hard , physical work ] , ‘receptionist’ [ visitors must check in with them ] , ‘public relations officer’ [ gives information to the press , TV , etc. about the company ] , ‘safety officer’ [ makes sure machines , etc. are not dangerous to use ] , ‘security officer’ [ makes sure thieves / criminals cannot enter] , ‘union representative’ ] looks after the staff’s interests ] , ‘economist’

[ expert in financial matters ] , ‘personnel officer’ [ takes care of administration for new and existing employees ] , ‘sales assistant’ [ sells goods to the public ] ,

‘education officer’ [ organizes training , classes etc. for employees ] , ‘research worker’ [ investigates and develops new products ] , ‘supervisor’ [ makes sure workers are doing their job properly ]

B-] Here are some ‘professions’ [ jobs that require considerable training and / or

qualifications ] and trades [ skilled manual jobs requiring on-the-job and other training ] .

-‘lawyer’ , ‘dentist’ , ‘hairdresser’ , ‘mechanic’ , ‘architect’ , ‘priest’ , ‘vet’ , ‘librarian’ , ‘physiotherapist’ , ‘child-minder’ , ‘police officer’ , ‘accountant’ , ‘engineer’ , ‘scientist’ , ‘chef’ , ‘firefighter’ , ‘civil servant’ , ‘tailor/dressmaker’ ,

‘designer’ , ‘builder’ , ‘carpenter’ , ‘plumber’ .

C-] Collocations of words connected with work :

- It’s not easy to ‘get / find work’ round these parts . I’ve been ‘offered’ work / a job in Cairo .

- What do you ‘do for a living’ ? I’m ‘in publishing / banking , etc.

- It’s hard to ‘make a living’ as a freelance writer . [ earn enough money to live comfortably ]

- She’s not prepared to ‘take on that’ job . [ suggests ‘having personal responsibility’ ]

- to do shift-work or to work shifts [ nights one week , days the next week ]

-to be on flexi-time [ flexible working hours ]

- to work nine-to-five [ regular day work ]

- to go / be on strike [ industrial dispute ]

- to get the sack [ thrown out of your job ]

-  to be fired [ more formal than ‘get the sack’ ; often used as a direct address : ‘You’re fired !’ ]

- to be made redundant [ thrown out , no longer needed ]

- to be laid off [ more informal than ‘made redundant’ ]

- to give up work [ e.g. in order to study ]

- to be on / take maternity [woman] or paternity [man] leave [ before / after the birth of a baby ]

- to be on / take sick leave [ illness ]

- to take early retirement [ retire at 55 ]

- to be a workaholic [ love work too much ]

- to be promoted [ get a higher position ]

- to apply for a job [ fill in forms , etc. ]

Spelling & Vocabulary Enrichment [ 18 ]

18- ] Spelling & Vocabulary Enrichment .

Speaking .

The verbs in the table describe how loudly a person is speaking and also , often indicate mood . These verbs may be followed by clauses beginning with ‘that’ .

verb	loudness	most likely mood
whisper	soft
murmur	soft	romantic or complaining
mumble	soft [ and unclear ]	nervous or insecure
mutter	soft	irritated
shout	loud	angry or excited
scream	loud [ usually without words ]	frightened or excited
shriek	loud [ and shrill ]	frightened or amused
stutter , stammer	neutral	nervous or excited

B-] The following verbs indicate how the speaker feels .

verb               patterns               feeling                  verb            patterns                  feeling

boast  to sb about st   that   proud on oneself    complain to sb about st that    displeased  

insist       on st that               determined           maintain         that                     confident

object    that/ to + ing     unhappy about situation       confess  that /to+ ing    repentant

 threaten   that /to do st         aggressive                urge    sb /to do st                  encouraging

argue        with sb about, at / that  not in agreement  beg   sb to do / at for st        desperate

groan                 that           despair , pain              grumble          about st           displeased

C-]To give an idea of the way someone speaks and his / her feeling , you can use a speaking verb , pus an adverb . For example , ‘He said ‘proudly’ . She spoke ‘angrily’ . This is most common in written style . Some useful adverbs describing the way someone is feeling while they are speaking .

If someone feels angry : ‘crossly’ , ‘furiously’ , ‘bitterly’ [ about something in the past ]

If someone feels unhappy : ‘unhappily’ , ‘gloomily’ , ‘miserably’ , ‘sadly’

If someone feels happy : ‘happily’ , ‘cheerfully’ , ‘gladly’ , ‘hopefully’ , ‘eagerly’

If someone feels worried : ‘anxiously’ , ‘nervously’, ‘desperately’ , ‘hopelessly’

Other useful adverbs are ‘boldly’ , ‘excitedly’ , ‘gratefully’ , ‘impatiently’ ,

‘passionately’ , ‘reluctantly’ , ‘shyly’ , ‘sincerely’.

Health and medicine .

A-] What are your symptoms :

- I’ve got a cold / a cough / a sore throat / a temperature [ a higher temperature than normal ] / a stomach ache / chest pains / earache / a pain in my side / a rash on my chest / spots / a bruise on my leg [ e.g. after playing football ]

/ a black eye [ e.g. after being hit in the eye ] / a ump on my arm / indigestion [ after eating too fast ] / sickness and diarrhea [ an upset stomach which makes you vomit and need to go to the toilet frequently ] / sunburn / painful joints [ e.g. ankles , knees , wrists , shoulders ] / blisters [ after wearing new , tight shoes ] .

- I feel sick / dizzy [ my head is spinning ] / breathless / shivery [ cold and hot ]

/ faint [ light-headed ] .]

I am depressed / constipated [ not able to go the toilet ] / tired all the time .

I’ve lost my appetite / voice ; I can’t sleep , my nose itches [ I want to scratch it ] , my leg hurts .

B-] What do doctors do ?

They take your temperature , listen to your chest , look in your ears , examine you , take your blood pressure , ask you some questions and weigh and measure you before sending you to the hospital for further tests .

C-]What’s the diagnosis ?

You’ve got flu / chickenpox / mumps / pneumonia / rheumatism / an ulcer / a virus / a bug / something that’s going round .

You’ve broken your wrist and sprained / dislocated your ankle .

You’re pregnant / a hypochondriac .

He died of lung cancer / a heart attack / a brain hemorrhage / AIDS .

D-] What does the doctor prescribe ?

a-] Take one tablet three times a day after meals .

b-] Take a teaspoonful of medicine last thing at night .

c-] Rub this ointment on you and don’t spend too long in the sun without sun-cream .

d-] We’ll get the nurse to put a bandage on your wrist .

e-] You’ll need to have some injections before you go to the Africa .

f-] I’ll ask the surgeon when he can fit you in for an operation .

g-] You’ll have to have your leg put in plaster until the break mends .

h-] I think you should have total bed rest for a week .

E-] What might the doctor ask you ?

What would you say if the doctor asked you the following questions ?

Do you have health insurance ? Have you ever had any operations ?

Are you taking any medication ? Are you allergic to anything .

Food .

A-] Here  are some some types of meat :

‘Red meat’ : beef [ cow ] , lamb [ lamb ] , mutton [ sheep ] , venison [ deer ]

‘White meat’ : veal [ calf ] , pork , ham , bacon [ pig ] , chicken [ chicken ] , turkey [ turkey ] . Chicken , turkey and duck are sometimes referred to as ‘poultry’ .

‘Fish’ : cod , hake , plaice , mackerel , herring , sardine , trout , salmon .

‘Seafood’ : prawns , shrimps , crab , lobster , crayfish , squid , cockles , mussels , oysters .

‘Vegetables’ : cabbage , cauliflower , broccoli , spinach , cucumber , leeks , mushrooms , courgettes , [ Am. Eng. : zucchini ] , aubergines [ Am. Eng. : egg plants ]

‘Spices’ : curry [ a mixture of spices such as cumin , cardamom , coriander , paprika , turmeric , ginger ] , cinnamon , nutmeg .

‘Herbs’ : parsley , rosemary , chives , sage , thyme , tarragon , oregano .

B-] Flavors and tastes – adjectives and some opposites :

- ‘sweet’ X ‘bitter’ [ sharp / unpleasant ] , sour [ e.g. unripe fruit , lemon ]

- ‘hot , spicy’ [ e.g. curry ] X mild , bland [ rather negative ]

- ‘salty’ [ a lot of salt e.g. cheese ] X sugary [ a lot of sugar e.g. sweets ] , sickly [ too much sugar ] .

- ‘savory’ [ pleasant , slightly salty or with herbs ]

- ‘tasty’ [ has a good taste / flavor ] X tasteless [ no flavor at all ] , delicious .

C-] General appearance , presentation and quality :

These chips are terribly ‘greasy’ , oily [ too much oil , fat ]

This meat is ‘over-cooked’ , ‘overdone’ , ‘under-cooked’ , ‘underdone’ .

British cooking can be very ‘stodgy’ [ heavy , hard to digest ]

This chicken’s ‘done to a turn’ . [ just perfect , not overdone ] .

These pistachio nuts are terribly more-ish . [ informal ; you want to eat more ]

D-] Ways of cooking food – verbs :

- boil , fry , bake , roast , grill  , stir-fry .

Lamb chops are nice ‘barbecued . [ over hot coals , usually outdoors ]

Have you ‘seasoned’ the stew ? [ added herbs , spices , salt , pepper ]

E-] Courses and dishes :

In the UK a meal in a restaurant would typically be three courses : a ‘starter’       [ light snack / appetizer ], a main course [ the most important / substantial part of the meal ] , followed by a ‘dessert’ [ sometimes called a sweet / pudding / after ,  especially at home ] .

Clothes .

A-] Here are some items of clothing or parts of them which are perhaps less familiar :

- ‘dressing-gown’ , ‘cuff’ , ‘buckle’ , ‘hem’ , ‘braces’ , ‘mittens’ , ‘collar’ , ‘cardigan’ , ‘zip’ , ‘sleeves’ , ‘slippers’ , ‘laces’ , ‘sole’ , ‘heel’ .

B-] Verbs associated with clothing :

Can I ‘try on’ these grey shoes in the window ?

I love ‘dressing up’ for parties as I normally wear jeans .

The skirt is too tight and too short – it needs ‘letting out’ and ‘letting down’ .

The dress is too loose and too long – it needs ‘taking in’ and ‘taking up’ .

He ‘changed out of’ his weekend clothes into his uniform .

Sally usually doesn’t ‘suit’ people with ginger hair .

Her black bag ‘matches’ her shoes .

Those shoes don’t ‘fit’ the boy any more . He’s ‘grown out’ of them .

C-] Adjectives for describing people’s clothing :

How things fit : ‘baggy’ , ‘loose’ , ‘tight’ , ‘cloth-fitting’ .

Style : ‘long-sleeved’ , ‘sleeveless’ , ‘V-neck’ , ‘round-neck’ , ‘pleated’ .

How people look : ‘elegant’ , ‘smart’ , ‘scruffy’ , ‘chic’ , ‘trendy’ , ‘messy’ ,     ‘old-fashioned’ , ‘fashionable’ , ‘well-dressed’ , ‘badly-dressed’ .

D-] Materials which clothes are often made of :

A ‘silk’ shirt feels soft and light but also warm . ‘Cotton’ shirts are cool but they need ironing . ‘Velvet’ skirts are rich and warm for winter parties . Jeans are usually made of ‘denim’ . ‘Suede’ is a kind of ‘leather’ but it isn’t shiny . ‘Nylon’ ,

‘polyester’ and ‘lycra’ are ‘artificial fibers’ .

We get ‘wool’ from sheep ; ‘woolen’ clothes keep you warm when it’s cold . All the above words for materials except ‘wool’ and ‘woolen’ can be nouns or adjectives .

E-] Adjectives used to describe the patterns on materials :

-‘pin-striped’ , ‘spotted’ , ‘plain’ , ‘striped’ , ‘checked’ , ‘flowery’ , ‘tartan’ .

Spelling & Vocabulary Enrichment [ 17 ]

17- ] Spelling & Vocabulary Enrichment .

The six senses .

A-] The five senses are ‘sight’ , ‘hearing’ , ‘taste’ , ‘touch’  and ‘smell’ . What is sometimes referred to as a ‘sixth sense’ [ for extrasensory perception] is a power to be aware of things independently of the five physical senses , a kind of supernatural sense . The five verbs referring to the senses are modified by an adjective rather than an adverb .

e.g. He ‘looks’ dreadful’ . The trip ‘sounds’ marvelous . The cake ‘tastes’ good . It ‘felt’ strange . The soup ‘smelt’ delicious .

B-] Sight :

e.g. Yesterday I ‘glanced’ out of the window and ‘noticed’ a man ‘observing’ a house opposite through a telescope . I thought I ‘glimpsed’ a woman inside the house . Then I ‘saw’ someone else ‘peering’ into the window of the same house . I ‘gazed’ at them wondering what they were doing . Suddenly the first man stopped ‘staring’ through his telescope . He went and hit the other one on the head with the telescope and I realizes that I had ‘witnessed’ a crime .

C-] Hearing :

Scale of loudness : noiseless , silent , quiet , noisy , loud , deafening .

D-] Taste : sweet [ honey] , salty [crisps] , bitter [ strong coffee ] , sour [ vinegar ],

spicy [ Indian food ] .

If you say something tastes ‘hot’ , it may mean ‘spicy’ rather than ‘not cold’ . Food can be tasty but ‘tasteful’ refers to furnishings , architecture or a style of dressing or behavior . The opposite of both is ‘tasteless’ .

E-] Touch :  She nervously ‘fingered’ her collar . He ‘stroked’ the car and ‘patted’ the dog . She ‘tapped’ him on the shoulder . He ‘grasped’ my hand and we ran . She ‘grabbed’ her briefcase and ran to the bus stop . The thief ‘snatched’ her handbag and disappeared into the crowd . ‘Press’ the button . Please ‘handle’ the goods with great care .

F-] Smell : Here are some adjectives to describe smells :

‘stinking’ , evil-smelling’ , ‘putrid’ , ‘aromatic’ , ‘pungent’ , ‘musty’ , ‘fragrant’ ,

‘sweet-smelling’ , ‘perfumed / scented’ .

G-] Sixth sense : Different phenomena which a person with sixth sense may experience . ‘telepathy’ [ experiencing someone else’s feeling even though you are apart ]

‘premonition’ [ knowing something is going to happen before it occurs ]

‘intuition’ [ instinctive understanding ]

‘déjà vu’ [ an inexplicable feeling that you have already been somewhere or experienced something ]

What your body does .

A-] Verbs connected with the mouth and breathing :

‘breathe’ : A nurse gave the old man artificial respiration and he started ‘breathing’ again .

‘yawn’ : If one person ‘yawns’ everyone seems to start too .

‘cough’ : It was so smoky in the room that he couldn’t stop ‘coughing’ .

‘sneeze’ : Dust often makes me ‘sneeze’ .

‘sigh’ : She ‘sighed’ with relief when she heard the plane had landed safely .

‘hiccup’ : Holding your breath and swallowing can help you stop ‘hiccupping’ .

‘snore’ : She ‘snored’ all night with her mouth wide open .

B-] Verbs connected with eating and digestion :

‘burp’ : He patted the baby’s back to make it ‘burp’ after its feed .

‘chew’ : My granny used to say you should ‘chew’ every mouthful ten times .

‘rumble’ : It’s embarrassing if your stomach ‘rumbles’ during an interview .

‘swallow’ : Take a drink of water to help you ‘swallow’ . the pills .

‘suck’ : Sometimes in the airplane , you are given a sweet to ‘suck’ – it can stop your ears popping !

‘lick’ : The cat ‘licked’ the bowl clean .

‘bite’ : Don’t ‘bite’ that hard sweet – you’ll hurt your teeth .

C-] Verbs connected with the eyes and face :

‘blink’ : She ‘blinked’ several times to try and get the dust out of her eye .

‘wink’ : He ‘winked’ at me across the room to try to make me laugh .

‘frown’ : Why are you ‘frowning’ ? What’s the problem ?

‘grin’ : She was so delighted with the present that she ‘grinned’ from ear to ear .

‘blush’ : He ‘blushed’ with embarrassment when she smiled at him .

D-] Verbs connected with the whole body :

‘perspire / sweat’ : When it’s hot , you sweat / perspire . [perspire is more formal ]

‘tremble’ :My hands ‘tremble’ when I’ve been drinking too much coffee .

‘shiver’ : Look at him! He’s so cold that he’s ‘shivering’ !

‘shake’ : She laughed so much that her whole body shook .