20 - ] Basic Grammar For Beginners , Joining Words

20 - ] Basic Grammar For Beginners 

26 - Joining Words

1 . Addition

- and

Huda is going for a walk . Nasser is going for a walk .

Huda and Nasser are going for a walk .

Ali did the homework . Ali watched TV .

Ali did the homework and watched TV .

- so

Dalia enjoyed the party . Diana enjoyed the party .

Dalia enjoyed the party and so did Diana .

- both -----------and

Ahmad has understood the lesson . Ali has understood the lesson .

Both Ahmad and Ali have understood the lesson .

In India it rains in summer . It rains in winter too .

In India it rains both in summer and winter .

- as well as

The man saw the accident . His wife saw the accident , too .

The man as well as his wife saw the accident .

- not only ----------but also [ as well ]

He passed the final exam . He got very high grades .

He not only passed the final exam , but he also got high grades .

She invited all her family . She invited all her class mates .

She not only invited all her family but all her class mates as well . [ but also all her class mates ]

Not  only did she invite all her family but all her class mates as well . [ inversion ] 

Negation neither --------------nor

Nasser didn’t write the composition . Rashid didn’t write the composition .

Neither Nasser nor Rashid wrote the composition .

She didn’t see the film . She didn’t read the book .

She  neither saw the film nor read the book .

- either -------------or

Mary is going to book the tickets . Adam is going to book the tickets .

Either Mary or Adam is going to book the tickets .

We are going to travel to London . We are going to travel to Paris .

We are going to travel to London or to Paris .

2 . Cause

- because , as , since

Mother is very pleased . She has bought a bargain .

Mother is very pleased because she has bought a bargain .

She can’t ea any sweets . Her teeth hurt a lot .

She can’t eat any sweets as her teeth hurt a lot .

I can’t go with you . I have a lot of homework to do .

I can’t go with you since I have a lot of homework to do

3 . Reason

- to , in order to , so as to

He went to the bank . He wanted to cash a cheque .

He went to the bank to cash a cheque .

She is going to Paris . She wants to learn French .

She is going to Paris in order to learn French .

He’s studying hard . He wants to go to college .

He’s studying hard so as to go to college .

4 . Result

- so that , in order that

She’s studying very hard . She wants to get high grades .

She’s studying very hard so that she may get high grades . [ present simple ]

He went on a diet . He wanted to lose weight .

He went on a diet in order that he might lose weight . [ past simple ]

- so  adjective that

The problem was difficult . He couldn’t solve it .

The problem was so difficult tat he couldn’t solve it .

The film was boring . He couldn’t stay to the end .

The film was boring that he couldn’t stay to the end .

- such a (an) adjective + noun that

The book was interesting . I read t several times .

It was such an interesting book that I read it several times .

The journey was tiring . I stayed awake all night .

It was such a tiring journey that I stayed awake all night .

4 . Clause of time [ time clause ]   

- when , as soon as , after , before , then

He’ll take us to the zoo . Father comes home .

When father comes home , he’ll take us to the zoo .

He reached the hotel . He had a shower .

As soon as he reached the hotel , he had a shower .

He finished work . He went home .

After he had finished work , he went home .

He did his homework . He watched TV.

He had done his homework , before he watched TV.

He had done his homework , then he watched TV .

Exercise

Join these pairs of sentences with the words in brackets :

1 . Mother is going for a walk . Father is going for a walk . [ Both ---------and ]

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2 . He spoke to the assistant . He spoke to the manager . [ Not only -----but -----as well ]

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3 . He arrives home . He’ll take us to the park . [ As soon as ]

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4 . I bought John a lovely present . He came top . [ because ]

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5 . I am going to the luggage office . I want to collect my luggage . [ in order to ]

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6 . He’s joining the queue . He wants to get some tickets . [ so that ]

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7 . The stick is so hard . He can’t break it . [ so ----------that ]

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8 . The teacher spoke quickly . I couldn’t understand her . [ so -----------that ]

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9 . The boxes were heavy . I couldn’t carry them .  [ such -----------that

They were --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10 . The program was boring . I couldn’t stand it . [ such --------that ]

 It was--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

11 . She ran fast . I couldn’t keep up with her . [ so --------that ]

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12 . She’s doing lot of exercises . She wants to lose weight . [ in order that ]

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13 . He went to the kitchen . He wanted to get a tin opener .  [ in order to ]

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14 . They sold their old house . It was getting too small for them .  [ since ]

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15 . She congratulated him . He came top .  [ because ]

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16 . The man rescued the baby . He rescued his mother too .  [ both -----------and ]

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17 . Mother doesn’t smoke . Father doesn’t smoke . [ Neither -------------nor ]

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18 . Take the camera . Take the radio . You can’t take them both . [ Either --------or ]

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