Engineering & Architecture Terms Dictionary [ 1 ]

1- ] Engineering & Architecture Terms Dictionary 

abacus	طبلية/ تاج عمود	abandoned workings	ورشة /أعمال حفر مهجورة
abnormal stress	اجهاد شاذ	abrasion	تآكل / برى / سحج
abrasive hardness	صلادة سحجية	abrasive wear	تآكل بالبرى / السحج
abrasive belt / disc	سير سحج /قرص سحج	abrasion hardness	مقاومة البرى / السحج
abrasive paper	ورق سحج / سنفرة	abamurus	جدار دعم / دعامة
abradability	سحوجية / قابلية السحج	abatement	سقاطة /نفاية النشارة
abreuvoir	الملاط البينى بين طوب البناء	shock absorber	ممتص الصدمات
absorbing well	بئر صرف عبر منطقة غير منفذة للتصريف	abutment	تناكب / متاخمة / تجاور
accelerated fatigue test	اختبار الكلال المعجل	accelerated aging test	اختبار التعتيق المعجل
uniformly accelerated motion	حركة منتظمة التسارع	centripetal acceleration	تسارع الجذب المركزى
accelerating potential	جهد التسريع	acceleration vector	متجه التسارع
accelerator	دواسة السرعة فى السيارة / مسرع التفاعل / مسرع التصلب أو الشك	accolade	حلية قنطرية فوق باب أو نافذة
accumulator	مركم / مدخرة كهربائية	accordion door	باب مطوائى
steam accumulator	مجمع البخار	accumulator vehicle	عربة مركمية / تعمل بالبطارية
accurate balance	ميزان دقى / دقيق / حساس	accuracy grade	درجة الدقة
acid-proof lining	بطانة مقاومة للحمض	acoustic tile	بلاط عازل للصوت
Acroter	قاعدة تمثال	acrylic resins[ fibers]	راتينجات / ألياف أكليرك
active transducer	محول طاقة فعال	actual mechanical advantage	الفائدة الميكانيكية الفعلية
actuating cylinder mechanism /system	أسطوانة / آلية تشغيل	actuator	مشغل
adamantine drill	مثقاب به حجر صلب مثل الماس / مثقاب ادمنتى	adaptor	محول كهربائى
addendum	طرف سن الترس	adhension tension	توتر الألتصاق
adhensive bonding	ترابط التصاقى	adhensive property	خاصية الألتصاق

Islamic Terms Dictionary . [ 16 ]

16- ] Islamic Terms Dictionary 

Islamic Terms Definitions .

To believe that we must not name or qualify Allah except with what He or His Messenger has named or qualified Him : none can be named or qualified with the Names or Qualifications of Allah . We must believe in all the qualities of Allah which He has stated in His Book or mentioned through His Messenger without changing their meaning or ignoring them completely or twisting the meanings or giving resemblance to any of the created things . E .g Allah is present over His Throne as mentioned in the Quran . He is with us by His Knowledge , not by His Personal Self .

= Oneness of the Names and the Qualities of Allah .

توحيد أسماء وصفات الله

A milking she-camel , whose milk used to be spared for idols and other false deities .

= Al-Bahirah , البحيرة

A pledge by citizens to a Muslim ruler . = Al-Biah . البيعة

The oath and pledge of the companions to fight Quraish = Biaht Al-Redwan بيعة الرضوان

The cemetery of the companions at Al-Madinah . = Baqi . البقيع                                           

A sitting posture – putting one’s arms around one’s legs while sitting on the hips . الاحتباء

The oath taken by a husband that he would not approach his wife for a certain period .الايلاء   

A kind of transaction . One form of it is that a person asks someone to lend him a certain amount of money , he refuses the money in cash , but instead offers him an article at a higher price than his demand of the required money , and later on buys the same article from him at a less price i . e . equal to the money he wants . In this way he makes him indebted for the difference . It shows that two things are the causes of Muslim disgrace – one is giving up of Jihad and the second is fraud and swindling .العينة

A prayer consisting of two Ra’k’ah , invoking Allah for rain in seasons of draughtصلاة (الاستسقاء

A sheet worn below the waist to cover the lower half of the body .= Ezar .الازار

A kind of divorce in which a wife seeks divorce from her husband by giving him a certain compensation or returning back the dowry which he gave her . = Khlaa الخلع                             

The people who dissented from the religion and disagreed with the rest of the Muslims .خوارج

Zakat imposed on the yield of the land [ 1/10 th tenth , or 1/20 ] . = Kharaj الخراج                      

Hoarded up gold , silver and money , the Zakat of which has not been paid . = Kanz الكنز

Head tax imposed by Islam on all non-Muslims living under the protection of an Islamic government . = Jezyah . الجزية

Making atonement for uttering or committing an unlawful thing in Islam . = Kafarah الكفارة    

The pledge given by somebody to a creditor to guarantee that the debtor will be present at a certain specific place to pay his debt or fine or to undergo a punishment .= Kafalah الكفالة

It is regarded as one of the fundamentals of Islam .It is a holy fighting to make Allah’s Word[ Islam ] superior .= Jihad .الجهاد

Three stone-built pillars in a walled place situated at Mina . One of the ceremonies of pilgrimage is tothrow pebbles at them . = Jamarat .  الجمرات 

The brief sitting between rising up from a prostration to the standing position in a prayer .

جلسة الاستراحة

Islamic Terms Dictionary . [ 15 ]

15- ] Islamic Terms Dictionary 

Islamic Terms Definitions .

Taking illegal interest on lent money as a kind of usury . = Reba Al-naseeah . ربا النسيئة

Taking a superior thing for an inferior thing as a kind of usury .        Reba Al- fadl ربا الفضل

Anything given in charity . = Sadaka . الصدقة                                                                          

Psalms of the Sabiun . = Az- zabur  الزبور             

In case of forgetting to do something one should perform two prostrations .             = Sahw السهو

Tranquility , calmness , peace and reassurance . = Sakeena السكينة                                                     Takings of a deceased warrior killed in a battle .                              = Al-salb .السلب

A kind of mash made of powdered roasted wheat or barely grain with sugar and dates .

= Saweek .السويق

Testimony of Faith . = To testify that . = Shehada .الشهادة

The lote tree of the utmost boundary . = Sedrat – Al – montaha .سدرة المنتهى

The bridge that will be laid across Hell-fire for the people to pass over on the Day of Judgment , sharper than a sword and thinner than a hair with hooks over it to snatch the people . = Surat . الصراط An object like a pillar , a wall or a stick , a spear etc. – the height of which should not be less than a foot and it should be in front of a person offering prayer to act as a symbolical barrier between him and the others . = Sutrah . السترة                      

One who has met or accompanied any companion of the Prophet .  = Tabe’ee.تابعى

The word covers a wide range of meanings : it means anything worshipped other than the Real God [ Allah ] , i . e. all the false deities . It may be Satan , devils , idols , stones , sun , stars , angels , human beings e.g. Messengers of Allah who were falsely worshipped and taken as Taghuit . Likewise , saints , graves , rulers , leaders falsely worshipped and wrongly followed .

 = Taghuit .الطاغوت

Night optional prayer offered at any time . = Tahajud التهجد   

It is the Islamic customary process of biting a date and putting a part of its juice in the child’s mouth and pronouncing Adhan in child’s ears . = Tahneek, التحنيك

Putting coloured garlands around the necks of animals for sacrifice . = Takleed .التقليد

Optional prayers offered after the evening prayers on the nights of Ramadan . These may be performed individually or in congregation .  Traweeh . التراويح

On finishing the prayer , one turns one’s face to the right and then to the left saying [ Peace and Mercy of Allah be on you ] . = Tasleem .التسليم

To believe that there is only one Lord for all the universe and He is its Creator , Organizer, Planner , Sustainer and the worshipped Allah .Oneness of the Lordship of Allahتوحيد الربوبية

To believe that none has the right to be worshipped [ e. g. praying , invoking , asking for help , swearing , slaughtering sacrifices , giving charity , fasting , pilgrimage etc. 

= Oneness of the worship of Allah . توحيد الألوهية 

It implies ascribing partners to Allah or ascribing divine attributes to others besides Allah .=                                                                                    Polytheism .الشرك بالله

Islamic Terms Dictionary ( 14 )

14- ] Islamic Terms Dictionary 

Islamic Terms Definitions .

Allah’s prescribed waiting period for a woman after divorce or death of her husband after the expiry of which she can remarry another person ..=Edda , العدة

One of the odd last ten nights of Ramadan . A Muslim must perform optional payers and recite the Holy Quran . = Lilat Al-Kadre . ليلة القدر        

An oath which is taken by both the wife and the husband when the husband accuses his wife ofcommitting illegal sexual intercourse .= Al- Lea’an .اللعان

An article or a thing [ a pouch or a purse tied with a string ] found by somebody other than the owner . = Luqata .  اللقطة        

Bridal money given by the husband .   = dowry                                 المهر

Acts connected with pilgrimage .= rites of pilgrimage .مناسك الحج

A sort of gift in the form of a she-camel or a sheep which is given to somebody temporarily so that its milk may be used and then the animal is returned to its owner . = Manehaالمنيحة

The highest place in Paradise granted to the Prophet Mohammad . = Maqam Mahmoud 

المقام المحمود

An animal beaten to death with a stick , a stone or the like without proper slaughtering .

= Moquzah .الموقوذة

A walking stick with a bent handle. = Mehgan . المحجن ( العكاز )

A slave who is promised by his master to be manumitted after the latter’s death .

= Modabar .المدبر بضم الميم وفتح الدال والباء

Quranic verses the contents of which are not abrogated .= Mohkam . المحكم

A Muslim who intends to perform pilgrimage , but can not because of some obstacles such as security    .= Mohsar                المحصربضم الميم وتسكين الحاء وكسرالصاد

A learned man who reads the foot and hand marks .  = Mogazez المجزز بضم الميم وفتح الجيم

A slave who makes an agreement with the master to pay a certain ransom for freedom .

= Mokateb .المكاتب بضم الميم وفتح الكاف

A person who became a Muslim during the Prophet’s lifetime but did not see him .

Moghdram .  مخضرم

Quranic verses which are not clear and are difficult to understand . = Motashabehatمتشابهات

Pious and righteous persons who fear Allah much [ abstain from all kinds of sins and evil deeds which He has forbidden and love Allah much [ perform all kinds of good deeds which He has ordained .                                                           = Motaqeen . المتقين

Slaughtering of the camels only and is done by cutting the carotid artery at the root of the neck .

= Nahr . النحر

A trick of offering a very high price for something without the intention of buying it , but just to allure and cheat somebody else . = Najsh . النجش

Minimum amount of property liable to payment of Zakat . The amount in gold is twenty Mithqal pprox.. 94 grams of pure gold .                                   = Nisab .النصاب

They were stone alters at fixed places or graves etc , whereon sacrifices were offered during fixed periods of occasions and seasons in the name of idols , jinn , angels , pious men , saints in order to honour them or to expect some benefit from them .             = Nosobالنصب

A person who conveys information from someone to another with the intention of causing harm and enmity between them .                                   = Qatat .القتات

Backbiting , sinful , useless talk . = Say and was said .                  Qeel wa qal      قيل وقال 

 Law of equality in punishment for wounds etc in retaliation .            = Qesas .قصاص

Verdicts and judgments given by Islamic religious scholars on the proofs of Quran and Sunnah [  Traditions of the Prophet ].                             = Fekah .الفقه

The unanimously accepted verdict of the Mujtahidun and Qiyas .  Ejmaaالاجماع

The verdict given by a Mujtahid who considered the similar in comparison with a case judged by the Prophet .                                                 = Qiyas .القياس

To give some property or belonging to a creditor as a security for payment of a loan or debt.

                                                    = mortgage , Rahn  الرهن

Stoning to death those married persons who commit the crime of illegal sexual intercourse .=                                                                                                        Rajmالرجم

,A unit of prayer . = Rkaa.الركعة

The fast walking accompanied by the movements of the arms and legs to show one’s physical strength . This is to be observed in the first three rounds of the Tawaf . = Ramlرمل                 

A she-camel which used to be let loose for free pastures in the name of idols , gods and false deities . = Saeba . السائبة

Divine speech recited as a means of curing disease . = Roqya .الرقية

Islamic Terms Dictionary [ 13 ]

13- ] Islamic Terms Dictionary 

Islamic Terms Definitions .

Hypocrisy .النفاق

Hypocrisy and its various manifestations .Hypocrisy in belief is to belie the Messenger . In another narration of the Prophet , “ Whenever he [ hypocrite ] makes a covenant he proves himself treacherous . واذا عاهد غدر   Whenever he quarrels , he behaves in a very imprudent , evil , insulting manner . واذا خاصم فجر If you trust him , he proves to be dishonest . واذا وعد أخلف

Other Islamic Definitions . تعريفات اسلامية

The transference of debt from one person to another is an agreement whereby a debtor is released from a debt by another becoming responsible for it .= Hawalah الحوالة

انتقال الدين من شخص لآخر هو اتفاق يتم بمقتضاه أن يتخلص مدين من دينه لطرف آخر ويصبح مسؤولا عنه .

War booty gained without fighting .= Fai الفىء

It is a kind of obligation or duty , if performed by one person suffices for the rest.                                          =collective duty /   obligation .                                                                     It is a kind of obligation or duty that must be performed by everyone in the society .فرض كفاية

Individual obligation . عيينفرض 

 Compensation for a missed or wrongly practiced religious obligation [ like in pilgrimage]usually in the form of money or food stuff or offering [ animal by slaughtering it ] .

= Fdyah . الفدية

Islamic holy fighting .  = Jehad الجهاد

A holy battle in the cause of Allah .                                                                     Gazwah غزوة              State of uncleanliness because of sexual discharge .                  Al-Hadath Al-Akbar . الحدث الأكبر  Passing wind or urine or answering the call of nature .          = Al-Hadath Al-Azkhar .الحدث الأصغر The sayings , deeds and approvals accurately narrated from the Prophet .

The Prophet’s tradition . السنة النبوية            

Fixed share of inheritance for the relatives of the deceased .                     = Islamic inheritance الميراث

Conflicts and strives among Muslims . = Fetnah [ rift ].الفتنة

Stealing from the war booty before its distribution .                                                       Ghulail  الغلول  An animal offered as a sacrifice by the pilgrims                                                            = Hadi الهدى  

In it a pilgrim enters in the state of Ihram with the intention of performing Hajj only .

                                                                                                             = single , pure pilgrimage . حج مفرد He comes out of his Ihram with the commencement of Hajj [ pilgrimage ] days , he enters in the state of Ihram again and performs Hajj .                                                  

  = enjoyment pilgrimage . حج التمتع 

It covers many concepts . It may mean modesty , self-respect , bashfulness , honor etc.                                                                                                                                                                   = Hayah .   الحياء                                                                                                                                              

A gift for Allah’s sake .                                                                                                          = Heba    الهبة

It is nursing and caretaking of children .                                                                                  Hadana .                                                                                                                                                           الحضانة      A long dress prescribed for Muslim women to cover their whole body from head to feet .

= Hejab . الحجاب

The unroofed portion of the Ka’bah which at present in in the form of a compound towards the north of Ka’bah .                                                                                                                = Hejr . الحجر

A three-year-old she-camel .= Haqah . الحقة

The name of an idol in the Ka’bah in the Pre-Islamic Period of Ignorance .= Hubal . هبل

Chanting of camel-drivers keeping time of camel’s walk .= Hedah .  الحداء

Allah’s boundary limits for the lawful [ Halal ] and the unlawful [ Haram ] .= Hedood . الحدود

The  tribes of Quraish and their allies = Hums . الحمس

Islamic Terms Dictionary [ 12 ]

12- ] Islamic Terms Dictionary 

Islamic Terms Definitions .

Polytheism .الشرك 

There are three types of polytheism , namely major , minor and inconspicuous . The inconspicuous polytheism implies being inwardly dissatisfied with the inevitable condition that has been ordained for you by Allah , conscientiously lamenting that had you done or not done such and such or had you approached such and such , you would have had a better status . The Noble Prophet Muhammad [ P.P.B.U.H ] said , “ The inconspicuous polytheism in the Muslim nation is more inconspicuous than the creeping of a black ant on a black rock in the pitch-darkness of the night .” It is expiated by saying thrice every day ,

“ O Allah ! I take Your refuge from that I should ascribe any thing as partner in You worship , being conscious of that and I beg Your pardon for that sin which I am not aware of “ .

Disbelief .الكفر 

Disbelief is basically disbelief in any of the articles of Faith in Islam . The major disbelief excludes one completely from the fold of Islam . There are five types of disbelief 1-) Takdhib التكذيب  This implies disbelieving in the divine truth or denying of any of the articles of Faith . 2-) The rejection and arrogance to submit to Allah’s commandments after conviction of their truth . 3-) Doubting or lacking of conviction in the six articles of Faith [ Allah , His angels , His Books , His Messengers , His Pre-determination , The Unseen [ such as the Hereafter life ] .4-) Turning away from the truth knowingly or deviating from the obvious signs which Allah has revealed . 5-) Hypocritical disbelief . The minor disbelief does not exclude one from the fold of Islam . It is also termed “ disbelief in Allah’s grace . كفر النعمة This implies disbelief manifesting itself in ungratefulness for Allah’s Blessings or Favors .

Islamic Terms Dictionary 11 ]

11- ] Islamic Terms Dictionary 

Islamic Terms Definitions .

The male is obliged to offer his prayer regularly five times a day at the specified times in a

mosque in congregation

   ويجب على الذكر أن يؤدى صلاته  فى ميعادها المحدد خمس مرات يوميا فى جماعة

  The chief and the family , town , tribe etc. and the Muslim rulers are held responsible before Allah in case of non-fulfillment of this obligation .

ان الراعى والأسرة والمدينة الخ وحكام المسلمين مسؤولون أمام الله فى حالة عدم الوفاء بهذا الفرض .

The prayer’s rules and regulations , i. e . standing , bowing , prostrating , sitting .

ان قواعد وأحكام الصلاة من وقوف ورعوع وسجود وجلوس .

Offer your prayers the way you see me offering them . صلوا كما رأيتمونى أصلى .

The characteristics of the prayer of the Prophet .صفات صلاة النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم.

Allah has set a seal on their hearts . ختم الله على قلوبهم .                              

They only deceive themselves and perceive not ما يخدعون الا أنفسهم وما يشعرون  

  Do not set up rivals unto Allah .فلا تجعلوا لله شركاء .

Keep out the stunning thunderclap . يجعلون أصابعهم فى آذانهم من الصواعق.

Produce a Surah [ chapter ] of the like thereof .فأتوا بسورة من مثله .

Give glad tidings to those who believe .بشر الذين آمنوا .

They will abide therein forever .وهم فيها خالدون .

Allah is not ashamed to set forth a parable .من الله لايستحى أن يضرب مثلا .

Those who break Allah’s Covenant after ratifying it .الذين ينقضون عهد الله من بعد ميثاقه.

He is the All-Knower of every thing . وهو بكل شىء عليم.

While we glorify You with praises and thanks and sanctify You . ونحن نسبح بحمدك ونقدس لك.

He severs the bond of kinship .الذى يقطع صلة الرحم.

The Divine Pre-ordainment is what ever Allah has ordained must come to pass .

ان قدر الله هو أن ما أقره الله لابد أن ينفذ .

And Allah puts forward the example of a township [ Makkah ] that dwelt secure and well-content , its provision coming to it in abundance from every place , but it denied the Favors of Allah . So Allah made it taste extreme of hunger and fear , because of that which they used to do .

[ V , 16 : 112 ]

وضرب الله مثلا قرية كانت آمنة مطمئنة يأتيها رزقها رغدا من كل مكان فكفرت بأنعم الله فأذاقها الله لباس الجوع ولخوف بما كانوا يصنعون " النحل 112

Anas narrated :” The Prophet [ P.P.B.U.H ] said :” On the Day of Resurrection the believers will assemble and say :” Let us ask somebody to intercede for us with our Lord . So they will go to Adam and say …….

روى أنس رضى الله عنه عن الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال :" يجمع الله الناس يوم القيامة فيقول بعض الناس لبعض أئتوا آدم ، فبأتون آدم فيقولون ........

Allah ordered the angels to prostrate themselves to Adam .أمر الله الملائكة بالسجود لآدم .

And those who belie Our Ayat .والذين كذبوا بآياتنا .

O children of Israel ! Remember My favor which I bestowed up on you and fulfill My Covenant .     يابنى اسرائيل اذكروا نعمتى التى أنعمت عليكم وأوفوا بعهدى

Allah hears him who praises Him .سمع الله لمن حمده

Allah burdens not a person beyond his scope .لايكلف الله نفسا الا وسعها

The following invocation is usually recited during the prostration .هذا ( الابتهال ) يتلى دائما أثناء السجود

As a token of gratitude to Allah .كدليل على شكر الله .

I respond to Your call and I am obedient to Your orders .